Reetik Pant

12th B
Contents
 Introduction
 Technology in maglev
 Basic concepts of Maglev
 Indutrack Technology
 How Transrapid works
 Levitation System’s Power Supply
 Application Information
 Linimo (Tobu Kyuryo Line, Japan)
 Maglevs under construction
 Comparison with aircraft
 Comparison with conventional trains
 Maglev Applications
 Conclusion
Introduction
 World is fast moving but in comparison with it means
of transport is low.
 Maglev is best alternative for means of transport.
 Maglev run on the principle of magnetic levitation.
 Maglev is noiseless, friction less and require no
maintenance.
 The lack of friction allow maglev vehicle to travel at a
speed over 300 miles/hour.
 Electrified transport reduces pollution.
 Maglev
 Maglev (derived from magnetic levitation) is a transport
method that uses magnetic levitation to move vehicles
without touching the ground. With maglev, a vehicle travels
along a guideway using magnets to create both lift and
propulsion, thereby reducing friction by a great extent and
allowing very high speeds
 Magnetic levitation is a method by which an object is
suspended with no support other than magnetic fields.
 Propulsion is a means of creating force leading to
movement
Technology in Maglev
 Electromagnetic Suspension : uses attractive magnetic
force in a magnet.
 Electrodynamic Suspension : uses repulsive force
between two magnetic fields
Basic Concepts of Maglev are
 Halbach Array

 Levitation Track

 Propulsion System
 Halbach array
 A Halbach array is a special arrangement of permanent magnets
that augments the magnetic field on one side of the array while
cancelling the field to near zero on the other side. This is achieved by
having a spatially rotating pattern of magnetisation.

A Halbach array, showing the orientation of each piece's magnetic

field. This array would give a strong field underneath, while the field
The flux diagram of a Halbach array above would cancel.
Maglev Guideways or Tracks
Track repels magnets on undercarriage of train, sending
the train forwards.

Train levitates between 1 and 10 cm above guideways.

 Levitation Track
 Using Laminated copper sheets.
 Propulsion
A linear synchronous Motor (LSM) propels the
train.
Copper wire powered by 3 0 AC
Inductrack Technology

 Inductrack is a passive, fail-safe electrodynamic

magnetic levitation system, using only unpowered
loops of wire in the track and permanent magnets
(arranged into Halbach arrays) on the vehicle to
achieve magnetic levitation. The track can be in one of
two configurations, a "ladder track" and a "laminated
track".
Advantages :
 Low weight
 Low power requirements.
 Non adhesive drive systems.

Disadvantages :
 Early development status
 Lack of control over levitation wind effects.
How Transrapid Works

Support System
•The electromagnets on the
underside of the train pull it up to the
ferromagnetic stators on the track
and levitate the train.
•The magnets on the side keep the train from moving from
side to side.
•A computer changes the amount of current to keep the
train 1 cm from the track.
•This means there is no friction between the train and the
track!
Levitation System’s Power Supply
 Batteries on the train power the system, and therefore
it still functions without propulsion.
 The batteries can levitate the train for 30 minutes
without any additional energy.
 Linear generators in the magnets on board the train
use the motion of the train to recharge the batteries.
 Levitation system uses less power than the trains air
conditioning.
 Propulsion System
•The system consists of
aluminum three-phase cable
windings in the stator packs
that are on the guideway
•When a current is supplied
to the windings, it creates a
traveling alternating current
that propels the train
forward by pushing and
pulling.
•When the alternating current is reversed, the train brakes.
•Different speeds are achieved by varying the intensity of the
current.
•Only the section of track where the train is traveling is
electrified.

.
 Application Information
Safety
•The trains are virtually impossible to derail because the train is
wrapped around the track.
•Collisions between trains are unlikely because computers are
controlling the trains movements.
Maintenance
• There is very little maintenance because there is no contact
between the parts.
Comfort
•The ride is smooth while not accelerating..
Economic Efficency
•The initial investment is similar to other
high speed rail roads.
•Operating expenses are half of that of
other railroads.
•A train is composed of sections that each
contain 100 seats, and a train can have
between 2 and 10 sections.
•The linear generators produce electricity for the cabin of the train.

Speed
•The train can travel at about 300 mph.
•For trips of distances up to 500 miles its total travel time is equal to
a planes (including check in time and travel to airport.)
•It can accelerate to 200 mph in 3 miles, so it is ideal for short
jumps.
Environment
•It uses less energy than existing transportation systems. For
every seat on a 300 km trip with 3 stops, the gasoline used per 100
miles varies with the speed
•The tracks have less impact on the environment because the
elevated models (50ft in the air) allows all animals to pass, low
models ( 5-10 ft) allow small animals to pass, they use less land
than conventional trains, and they can follow the landscape better
than regular trains.
Noise Pollution
•The train makes little noise because it does not touch the track
and it has no motor. Therefore, all noise comes from moving air.
This sound is equivalent to the noise produced by city traffic.
Magnetic Field:
The magnetic field created is low, therefore there are no adverse
effects.
Linimo (Tobu Kyuryo Line, Japan)

The commercial automated "Urban Maglev" system commenced operation in

March 2005 in Aichi, Japan. The Tobu-kyuryo Line, otherwise known as the Linimo
line, covers 9 km.

It has a minimum operating radius of 75 m (246 ft) and a maximum gradient of 6%.
More than 10 million passengers used this "urban maglev" line in its first three
months of operation.

At 100 km/h (62 mph), it is sufficiently fast for frequent stops, has little or no noise
impact on surrounding communities.
 Changsha Maglev

The Hunan provincial government launched the construction of a

maglev line between Changsha Huanghua International Airport and
Changsha South Railway Station. Construction started in May
2014, completed by the end of 2015, trial running on 26 December
2015, and finally start trial operations on 6 May 2016
Maglevs under construction
AMT test track – Powder Springs, Georgia

Beijing S1 line

Tokyo – Nagoya – Osaka

SkyTran – Tel Aviv (Israel)

Comparison with aircraft
Differences between airplane and maglev travel:

Efficiency: For maglev systems the lift-to-drag ratio can exceed that of
aircraft. This can make maglev more efficient per kilometer.

Routing: While aircraft can theoretically take any route between points,
commercial air routes are rigidly defined. Maglevs offer competitive journey
times over distances of 800 kilometres (500 miles) or less.

Availability: Maglevs are little affected by weather.

Safety: Maglevs offer a significant safety margin since maglevs
do not crash into other maglevs or leave their guideways.

Travel time: Maglevs do not face the extended security

protocols faced by air travelers nor is time consumed for taxiing,
or for queuing for take-off and landing.
Comparison with conventional trains
Maglev transport is non-contact and electric powered. It relies less
or not at all on the wheels, bearings and axles common to wheeled
rail systems.

Speed: Maglev allows higher top speeds than conventional rail.

Maintenance: Maglev trains currently in operation have

demonstrated the need for minimal guideway maintenance.
Vehicle maintenance is also minimal.

Weather: Maglev trains are little affected by snow, ice, severe

cold, rain or high winds.
•Track: Maglev trains are not compatible with conventional track,
and therefore require custom infrastructure for their entire route.

•Efficiency: Conventional rail is probably more efficient at lower

speeds.

•Weight: The electromagnets in many EMS and EDS designs

require between 1 and 2 kilowatts per ton.

•Weight loading: High speed rail requires more support and

construction for its concentrated wheel loading. Maglev cars are
lighter and distribute weight more evenly.
•Noise: Because the major source of noise of a maglev train comes from
displaced air rather than from wheels touching rails, maglev trains produce less
noise than a conventional train at equivalent speeds.

•Braking: Braking and overhead wire wear have caused problems for the
Fastech 360 rail Shinkansen. Maglev would eliminate these issues.

•Magnet reliability: At higher temperatures magnets may fail. New alloys and
manufacturing techniques have addressed this issue.

•Control systems: No signalling systems are needed for high-speed rail, because
such systems are computer controlled.

•Terrain: Maglevs are able to ascend higher grades, offering more routing
flexibility and reduced tunneling
Obstacles

 Expensive guideway.
 Existence of conventional high speed train.
 Health concerns due to electromagnetic fields.
 Lack of investments.
 Maglev Applications
US Military is looking into using Maglev.

Possible uses could include

1. Rocket launching
2. Aircraft carrier launching pad
3. Space craft launching
Present Scenario
 Commercially viable
 It will run for commercial service.
 At present, countries like Germany, Japan, & China have
shown their interest.
 Since 1990, Maglev has gained status of nationally funded
project.
Conclusion

 Department of energy found that maglev technology is a

technically feasible transportation system.
 The Indutrack technology will require a long and
expensive development period.
Thank You