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Basicsofsurveying JNTUWORLD
Basicsofsurveying JNTUWORLD
Preamble
Surveying is involved in a project from conceptual
stage to construction and afterwards in
maintenance also. Depending on the stage at which
surveying is carried out it can be called.
i) Pre construction Feasibility survey (RECT, PECT)
survey
ii) Construction To maintain alignment and Geometry
survey control during construction. (FLS
and other )
iii) Post Maintenance survey
construction
Definition : Operation of making such
measurements that the relative position of
various features, natural or Artificial on the
surface of the earth can be exhibited in their
correct Horizontal and vertical relationship.
TEMPORARY ADJUSTMENT OF
THEODOLITE
1) Setting up the Theodolite over the station
2) Levelling up the theodolite
3) Elimination of the parallax
1.Setting up : Operation of setting up a theodolite
includes:
a) centering the theodolite over the ground mark
b) approximate levelling with the help of tripod legs.
2. Levelling up of theodolite
The operation of making the vertical axis truly
vertical is known as levelling of Theodolite.
vi) With the help of third floor screw, move the bubble to
the approx. mean position already indicated.
vii) Repeat the process until the bubble, retains
the same position for every setting of the
instrument.
3. Elimination of Parallax : Elimination of parallax
may be done by focusing the eye piece for distinct vision
of cross hairs and focusing the objective to bring the
image of the object in the plane of cross hairs.