BY:

NUR HAYATIE
NUR IZZATIE UMAYRAH
“Form-focused instruction is needed to improve learners'
accuracy"
(Larsen-Freeman, 1997, p. 66).

"Grammar rules are fixed and must be learned because

patterns of speech reflect education, class, even morality“
(Nunan, 2005)
 Taught SEPARATELY in a lesson

Focus: FORM and MEANING only

Giving the RULES of target GRAMMAR FORMS,

formulating them, giving example sentences only,
making translation, mechanical practices in the
classroom

Prescriptive/descriptive approaches
 Learners are given isolated sentences, which they are
expected to internalize through exercises involving
repetition, manipulation, and grammatical
transformation

 These exercises are designed to provide learners with

formal, declarative mastery of the language in which
they are able to explain rules of using the form of the
language
 To identify students’ own performance

 Helps teacher to set the level and make improvement

on the next lesson

 To make sure pupils recognize the rules and regulation

of grammar

 Ex: past tense, present tense, irregular verbs

 Teacher can selective choose which grammar items to
cover, so that the instruction can be effectively focused
on items that are more important.

 Enable learners to understand grammatical forms and

be able to use them

 Cover the ability to use these grammatical to

communicative purpose
 Confusing

 Grammar is about rules of language : pupils become

bored and stress ( as they have to memorize directly )

 Not enjoying

 Students could not connect the grammar with their

language or the lessons with their lives
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304484506
 https://www.scribd.com/document/136927500/tsl-
3108-TOPIC-2