MATH 06

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DIFFERENTIABILITY AND THE TOTAL
DIFFERENTIATION
 Defferentiability of functions of more than one

variable.
 Review:
If f is a differentiable function of x and y = f(x) then
Δy
Where Δx and Δx are
f’(x) = lim ------- increments of x and y
Δx0
Δx
And
Δy = f(x+ Δx) – f(x)
When | Δx | is small and Δx ≠ 0 ,
Δy/Δx differs from f’(x) that depends on Δx. Which
we denote as Є thus we have
Δy
Є = ---------- if Δx ≠ 0 and Є is a function of x
Δx
From the above equation we obtained that
Δy = f’(x) Δx + Є
Where Є is a function of Δx and Є  0 as Δx  0
It follows that if the function of f is differentiable at
x0, the increment of f at x0 denoted by Δf(x0), is
given by
Δf(x0) = f’(x0) Δx + Δx where lim Є = 0
Δx0
DEFINITION OF AN INCREMENT OF A
FUNCTION OF TWO VARIABLES
For function of two or more variable an equation
corresponding to this one is used to define
differentiable . We begin this by defining the
increment of of such function.
DEFINITION OF AN INCREMENT OF A
FUNCTION OF TWO VARIABLES
 If f is a function of two variables, x and y. Then the

increment of f at the point (x0,y0), denoted by

Δf(x0, y0) is given by

Δ f(x0,y0) = f(x0 + Δx ,y0 + Δy) - f(x0,y0)

DEFINITION OF AN INCREMENT OF A
FUNCTION OF TWO VARIABLES
For the function f defined by
f(x,y) = 3x – xy2
we find the increment of f at any given point (x0,y0).
Δ f(x0,y0) = f(x0 + Δx ,y0 + Δy) - f(x0,y0)
= 3(x0 + Δx) – (x0 + Δx) (y0 + Δy)2 - (3x0 - x0 y02)
= 3x0 + 3Δx – x0 y02 - y02 Δx – 2x0y0Δy - 2y0ΔxΔy
- x0(Δy)2 - Δx(Δy)2 - 3x0 + x0 y02
= 3Δx - y02 Δx – 2x0y0Δy - 2y0ΔxΔy - x0(Δy)2 -
Δx(Δy)2
DEFINITION OF DIFFERENTIABLE FUNCTION
OF TWO VARIABLES
If f is a function of two variables x and y and the
increment of f at (x0, y0) as
Δf(x0,y0) = D1f(x0 ,y0)Δx + D2f(x0 ,y0)Δy + Є1Δx + Є2Δy
Where Є1 and Є2 are function of Δx and Δy such
that Є10 and Є20 as (x0 ,y0)  (0,0),

Then f is defferentiable at (x0 ,y0)

DEFINITION OF DIFFERENTIABLE FUNCTION
OF TWO VARIABLES
We use these definition to prove that the
function of f(x,y) = 3x – xy2 is differentiable at
all points in Rn , we will find that for all points
(x0,y0) in Rn we can find Є1 and Є2 such that
Δf(x0,y0) = D1f(x0 ,y0)Δx + D2f(x0 ,y0)Δy + Є1Δx + Є2Δy

Where Є10 and Є20 as (x0 ,y0)  (0,0)

Because f(x,y) = 3x – xy2
D1f(x0 ,y0) = 3 – y02 and D2f(x0 ,y0) = -2x0y0
With D1f(x0 ,y0) = 3 – y02 and D2f(x0 ,y0) = -2x0y0
And the value of
Δ f(x0,y0) = 3Δx - y02 Δx – 2x0y0Δy - 2y0ΔxΔy -
x0(Δy)2 - Δx(Δy)2
Δf(x0,y0) = D1f(x0 ,y0)Δx + D2f(x0 ,y0)Δy + Є1Δx
+ Є2Δy
3Δx - y02 Δx – 2x0y0Δy - 2y0ΔxΔy - x0(Δy)2 - Δx(Δy)2 = (3 –
y02)Δx + (-2x0y0)Δy + Є1Δx + Є2Δy

3Δx - y02 Δx – 2x0y0Δy - 2y0ΔxΔy - x0(Δy)2 - Δx(Δy)2 = 3Δx

– y02Δx - 2x0y0Δy + Є1Δx + Є2Δy

- 2y0ΔxΔy - x0(Δy)2 - Δx(Δy)2 = Є1Δx + Є2Δy

-2y0ΔxΔy - x0(Δy)2 - Δx(Δy)2 = Є1Δx + Є2Δy

The right side of the above equation can be

written in the following ways:

[-2y0Δy - (Δy)2 ]Δx + [-x0(Δy)] Δy

(-2y0Δy)Δx + (-ΔxΔy – x0Δy) Δy
[-(Δy)2]Δx + (-2y0Δx - x0(Δy)) Δy
0•Δx + [-2y0Δx - ΔxΔy- x0Δy] Δy
Є1Δx Є2Δy
There at least four possible pairs of values for Є1
and Є2

Є1 = -2y0Δy - (Δy)2 Є2 = [-x0(Δy)] Δy

Є1 = -2y0Δy Є2 = -ΔxΔy – x0Δy
Є1 = -(Δy)2 Є2 = -2y0Δx - x0(Δy)
Є1 = 0 Є2 = -2y0Δx -
ΔxΔy- x0Δy
EXAMPLE
Given:
xy
------------- if (x,y) ≠ (0,0)
f(x,y) = x2 + y 2

0 if (x,y) = (0,0)

Find D1f and D2f and show that f is not

differentiable at (0,0)