BMFB 2413 Sem 1 2017/2018

Chapter 5 – Bending
Week 12/15
Dr. Muhammad Zaimi
PFI B
+606-3316423 / +6011-14310750
 Content

• 5.1 – Types of beam

• 5.2 – Types of loading
• 5.3 – Support reactions
• 5.4 – Shear forces and bending moment in beams
(Shear and moment functions)
• 5.5 – Beams sign convention
• 5.6 – Shear and moment diagrams
• 5.7 – Centroid and moment of inertia
• 5.8 – The flexural formula
Applications
 Applications

Bend test – steel plate

Bend test – concrete beam

 Types of test

• ASTM D790 - Standard Test Methods for

Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and
Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating
Materials
• ASTM E290 - Standard Test Methods for Bend
Testing of Material for Ductility
• ASTM370 - Standard Test Methods and
Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel
Products
Failures due to bending load
 Types of Beam

Beams - structural members supporting loads at various points

along the member.
 Loading and Beam Reactions
- Concentrated Load
• Transverse loadings of beams are classified as concentrated loads and
distributed loads.
• A concentrated load is a force applied at a single point on a beam or
structure.
 Loading and Beam Reactions
- Distributed Loads
• Distributed loads are not concentrated on a point but distributed
over an area.
• There two types of distributed loads: uniformly distributed load;
uniformly varying load.
 Loading and Beam Reactions
- Support reactions
Support Reactions
• If a support prevents the
translation of a body in a
given direction, then a
force is developed on
the body in that direction.
• If rotation is prevented,
a couple moment is
exerted on the body.
Loading and Beam Reactions
- Support reactions

• When the beam’s area is loaded (P1, P2, w)

the internal forces and moments are
developed in the beam.

• The internal forces consist of a shear force (V) and

a bending moment (M).
 Free Body Diagrams – Example 1

Draw the free-body diagram of the uniform

beam. The beam has a mass of 100 kg.
 Free Body Diagrams – Example 1
Solution

Free-Body Diagram:
 Equations of Equilibrium – 1

Procedure for Analysis

Free-Body Diagram
• Force or couple moment having an unknown
magnitude but known line of action can be
assumed
• Indicate the dimensions of the body
necessary for computing the moments of
forces
 Equations of Equilibrium – 2

Procedure for Analysis

Equations of Equilibrium
• Apply ∑MO = 0 about a point O
• Unknowns moments of force are zero about O
and a direct solution the third unknown can
be obtained
• Orient the x and y axes along the lines that
will provide the simplest resolution of the
forces into their x and y components
• Negative result scalar is opposite to that was
assumed on the FBD
 Free Body Diagrams – Example 2 (a)
Determine the horizontal and vertical
components of reaction for the beam loaded.
Neglect the weight of the beam in the
calculations.
 Free Body Diagrams – Example 2 (b)

Solution

Free Body Diagram

– 600 N represented by x and y components
– 200 N force acts on the beam at B
 Free Body Diagrams – Example 2 (c)

Solution

Equations of Equilibrium
   M B  0; 600 cos 45 N  Bx  0  Bx  424 N
 M B  0;
100 N (2m)  (600 sin 45 N )(5m)  (600 cos 45 N )(0.2m)  Ay (7m)  0
Ay  319 N
   Fy  0;
319 N  600 sin 45 N  100 N  200 N  By  0
By  405 N
 Exercises – FBD – 1
1. Draw the FBD for the shaft. The bearings at
A and B exert only vertical reactions on the
shaft.

2. Draw the FBD for the simply supported

beam.
 Exercises – FBD – 1 - Answers
1. Draw the FBD for the shaft. The bearings at
A and B exert only vertical reactions on the
shaft.

2. Draw the FBD for the simply supported

beam.
 Exercises – FBD – 2
3. The engine crane is used to support the
engine, which has a weight of 6000 kN. Draw
the FBD of the boom ABC when it is in the
horizontal position shown.

4. Draw the FBD for the cantilever

beam.
 Exercises – FBD – 2 - Answers
3. The engine crane is used to support the
engine, which has a weight of 6000 kN. Draw
the FBD of the boom ABC when it is in the
horizontal position shown.

4. Draw the FBD for the cantilever

beam.
 Shear and Moment Diagrams

• Shear is obtained by summing forces perpendicular to the

beam’s axis up to the end of the segment.

• Moment is obtained by summing moments about the end of

the segment.
 Beam Sign Conventions – 1

(Use these conventions when

calculate from left to right)

(Use these conventions when

calculate from right to left)
 Beam Sign Conventions – 2
PROCEDURE FOR ANALYSIS
• STEP 1: SUPPORT REACTIONS
- Determine all reactive forces and moments (FBD).
- Resolve all the forces into components acting perpendicular to the
beam’s axis.

• STEP 2: SHEAR AND MOMENT FUNCTIONS

- Specify separate sections from the origin (beam’s left end) and extend
to regions of the beam between the concentrated forces.
- Analyze section by section of the beam. Draw FBD and mark distance x
from the origin to the end section. Be sure V and M are positive sense
(follow the Beam Sign Conventions!).
- The shear is obtained by summing forces perpendicular to the beam’s
axis.
- The moment is obtained by summing moments about the sectioned
end of the segment.
 Beam Sign Conventions – 3
• STEP 3: SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAMS
- Plot shear diagram (V versus x-axis) and moment diagram (M versus x-
axis).
- If the values of V and M are positive, the values are plotted above x-axis.
- If the values of V and M are negative, the values are plotted below x-axis.