The document discusses several approaches to curriculum design:
1) The spiral approach organizes curriculum in an ascending manner that gradually builds knowledge over time.
2) The concentric plan teaches the same topics each year according to students' development, with content expanding like concentric circles.
3) Type study classifies material into exemplars of groups to help students generalize and develop scientific thinking.
4) Historical/biographical approaches organize science according to the evolution of ideas over time.
The document discusses several approaches to curriculum design:
1) The spiral approach organizes curriculum in an ascending manner that gradually builds knowledge over time.
2) The concentric plan teaches the same topics each year according to students' development, with content expanding like concentric circles.
3) Type study classifies material into exemplars of groups to help students generalize and develop scientific thinking.
4) Historical/biographical approaches organize science according to the evolution of ideas over time.
The document discusses several approaches to curriculum design:
1) The spiral approach organizes curriculum in an ascending manner that gradually builds knowledge over time.
2) The concentric plan teaches the same topics each year according to students' development, with content expanding like concentric circles.
3) Type study classifies material into exemplars of groups to help students generalize and develop scientific thinking.
4) Historical/biographical approaches organize science according to the evolution of ideas over time.
Curriculum which ascends, enlarging as it climbs.
The spiral views accounts for the more refined wisdom distilled from the experience over time. The upward and outward curriculum organisation acknowledges the gradual nature of development of knowledge and also the development of learner Gradation of linkage too is taken care of and the continuity of the topic concerned is never broken. CONCENTRIC PLAN
The same topic is treated at each stage or years
according to the mental development of pupils and the circle of knowledge goes on widening To begin with a simple presentation of the subject matter is given in outlines, gaps being filled a year or later in accordance with the amount of knowledge which the pupil are capable ADVANTAGES
There is a greater opportunity for revision of topics
Pupil may remember and revise different topics This method will be more successful when teaching is in the hands of one teacher, then only continuity can be maintained Each year there is something new , some new problems to solve , new wonders and new mysteries to be seen DISADVANTAGES
Teacher must be capable of knowing the abilities with
less repetitions and monotony There is a possibility of losing freshness of subject Type study Material to be taught is classified into types A types is that which exemplifies the characteristics of a group Type is a thing or event considered as an example of a class or group The types are arranged according to the increasing order of complexity in the syllabus. ADVANTAGE
It helps the pupils to make their own generalizations
from types It is based on sound psychological principles and gives training in scientific thinking and develops power of observation. DISADVANTAGES All the content to be taught cannot be classified into types HISTORICAL/ BIOGRAPHICAL APPROACH
Organizing of the science course in accordance with
evolution of science. Stages through which science has passed in the actual course of its development from the very beginning. Science is really an expression of human spirit and it is essential that this aspect should be felt by every pupil Essence of science will be felt only when it is treated historically NATURE STUDY
Nature study is defined as learning to be really alive to
the world around “study” means independent work done by pupil “Nature” means books, pictures and models ,subject matter AIMS OF NATURE STUDY
Cultivation of interest in the world around
Developing habit of careful observation and coherent reasoning Cultivation of power of expression Free development of individuality of the pupil NATURE RAMBLING
Main criteria is experience of the child
Child is considered as a rambler in his environment The materials the child is likely to meet with the scientific situations he is likely to face with are chosen and arranged in the science course Advantages include development power of observation, reasoning, relationship between pupil and nature No systematic knowledge of subject is provided is one drawback It is suitable for primary classes TOPIC PLAN
Science lessons are grouped out to topics of
immediate interests of pupil Lessons may grouped into life centred, environment centred and life and environment centred topics Life centred- air we breathe, water we use etc.. Environment centred-earth, atmosphere etc.. Life and environment centred- health, mineral resources, body , energy and machines etc.. ADVANATGES DISADVANTAGES
Closer integration between different Do not get sound knowledge of the
branches of science subject as it dealt in a general way Interesting for lower class students Teacher must not know all branches of since topics happen to be from their science deeply environment
Mystical Rose College of Science and Technology Mangatarem, Pangasinan Module 1 in Theory / Concept 104 The Teaching Profession Lesson 1: Your Philosophical Heritage