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Basic Civil Fondation by Civil1st Sem
Basic Civil Fondation by Civil1st Sem
GUIDED BY:
Mr. PARTH JOSHI
Basic Civil Engineering-Foundation
Foundation
Foundation
• Introduction :
• A structure essentially consists of two parts, namely the super
structure which is above the plinth level and the substructure which is
below the plinth level.
• Substructure is otherwise known as the foundation and this forms the
base for any structure. Generally about 30% of the total construction
cost is spent on the foundation.
• The soil on which the foundation rests is called the “foundation soil”.
• Objectives of a foundation :
A foundation is provided for the following purposes:
• To distribute the total load coming on the structure on a larger
area.
• To support the structures.
• To give enough stability to the structures against various disturbing
forces, such as wind and rain.
• To prepare a level surface for concreting and masonry work.
Foundation…
• Types of foundation : Types of Pile foundation :
• Friction pile
The two main types of foundation • Load bearing pile
are :
• Shallow foundation (spread
foundation) and
• Deep foundation
Note : Under-reamed piles is a
Types of Shallow foundation : type of load bearing pile
• Isolated footing (single footing,
Column footing)
• Combined footing
Types of Deep foundation :
• Pile foundation
• Pier foundation
Foundation…
• Shallow foundation (spread
foundation):
• Depth of foundation is less than
or equal to its width.
• Pile foundation :
• Pile is an element of
construction used as
foundation. It may be driven in
the ground vertically or with
some inclination to transfer the
load safely.
Foundation…
• Pile foundation…
• Loads are supported in two
ways.
• If the load is supported by the
effect of friction between the
soil and the pile skin, it is called
friction pile.
• Friction piles may be made of
cast iron, cement concrete,
timber, steel, wrought iron and
composite materials.
• If the load is supported by
resting the pile on a very hard
stratum, it is called load bearing
pile. • Piles may be cast-in-situ or
• Load bearing piles are steel precast.
sheet piles, concrete piles and • They may be cased or
timber piles. uncased.
Load
Bearing Friction Piles
Pile
Load bearing Friction Pile
pile
TYPES OF PILES
• Concrete Piles
i) Cast-In-Situ Concrete Piles
a) Cased cast-in-situ b) Uncased cast-in-situ
ii) Precast Concrete Piles
• Steel Piles
i) H-Piles ii) Cylindrical piles iii) Tapered piles
• Timber Piles
• Composite Piles
TYPES OF PILE CONSTRUCTION
1. Displacement Piles
It cause the soil to be displaced radially as well as vertically as pile
shaft is driven or jacked into the ground.
b) Non Displacement Piles (Replacement piles)
It cause the soil to be removed and the resulting hole filled with
concrete or a pre cast concrete pile is dropped into the hole and
grouted in.
Displacement Pile Non Displacement pile
METHOD OF INSTALLATION
• Dropping Weight or Drop Hammers
- commonly used method of insertion of displacement piles
• Diesel Hammers
-Most suitable to drive pile in non cohesive granular soil
4 November 2010
Pile installation using Drop Hammer
Pile Driving Rig - temporarily support the pile that
being
driven and to support the pile hammer.
Jacking Method Of Insertion
• Jacked Piles are most commonly used in underpinning structures
• By excavating underneath a structure short lengths of pile can be
inserted and jacked into the ground using the underside of the existing
structure as a reaction.