Milestone Practice Question

• Which Organelle is responsible for getting

rid of worn out cell parts and other waste?

A. Nucleus
B. Ribosomes
C. Lysosomes
D. Golgi Bodies
Energy of Life
 Standard S7L2
Obtain, evaluate, and communicate
information to describe how cell
structures, cells, tissues, organs, and
organ systems interact to maintain
the basic needs of organisms.
 Standard S7L2
Scaffold
Obtain (find; gain), evaluate (form an
idea), and communicate information
to describe how cell structures, cells,
tissues, organs, and organ systems
interact (cooperate; act together) to
maintain (support; keep up) the basic
needs of organisms (living things).
 Essential Question
• How do cells obtain energy and material to
carry out life processes?
 Do you Remember?
• With your partner discuss and list the 6
characteristics of living things.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
 Do You Remember?
What are the 6 characteristics of ALL living
things?

• Organized
• Respond
• Use Energy
• Grow
• Develop
• Reproduce
Some materials move by diffusion.
• Diffusion occurs when molecules spread
out until they are evenly mixed.
• Molecules move from a higher
concentration to a lower one.
• Small molecules diffuse through
membranes during passive transport.
• The diffusion of water through a
membrane is called osmosis.
Some transport requires energy.
• Cells use energy for active transport. This
type of transport is necessary for two
purposes.
• Cells need to move materials from an area
of low concentration to greater
concentration.
• Cells need to move large molecules.
 Producer vs. Consumer
Producer Consumer
• Organisms that are • Organism that cannot
able to produce their create energy-rich
own food from energy molecules but obtains
from the sun. its food by eating
other organisms.
 Producers
• How do they obtain energy?
– Photosynthesis

• Process by which plants and many

producers use light energy to produce a
simple sugar from carbon dioxide and
water. It gives off oxygen.
 Photosynthesis
• In order for photosynthesis to occur, the
producer must have CO2, water, and light
in order to produce their sugar.
• Simple sugars are produced as food. The
extra sugar is stored in the plant.
• The wastes produced from photosynthesis
are oxygen and sugar.
• Sun + H2O + CO2= Glucose (sugar) + O2
 Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll is found
In chloroplasts

Green pigment that captures

sunlight for photosynthesis
 Consumers
• How do they obtain energy?
– Cellular Respiration

• Cellular Respiration- process by which

food molecules are broken down for
energy with the assistance of oxygen.
 Cells capture and release energy.

• All cells need energy. Some cells

capture light energy through
photosynthesis. All cells release
energy from glucose.
• Cellular respiration and fermentation
are two ways that cells release
energy from glucose.
 Cellular Respiration
• Starting materials: Glucose and Oxygen
• Process: Glucose combines with oxygen
in mitochondria and breaks down.
• Produces: Energy, Carbon Dioxide, and
Water
• Glucose + O2= Energy + CO2 + H2O
 Fermentation
• Cells release energy without the help of
oxygen.
• Starting materials: Glucose
• Process: Glucose is broken down in the
cytoplasm and a small amount of energy is
released.
 Characteristics
• Without oxygen, respiration cannot occur.
• Instead of food particles entering the
mitochondria, they stay in the cytoplasm
where they are broken down for energy.
• When food particles are broken down in
the cytoplasm: lactic acid, alcohol and
carbon dioxide are produced.
• This results in a small amount of energy
being released.
 Fermentation
• Animals and • Yeast
Bacteria • Produces:
• Produces: Lactic Carbon dioxide
acid and small and alcohol
amounts of
energy