LAY OFF ASIANS , PARTICULARY INDIA IN THE

GULF COUNTRIES STARTING FROM 1990s TO

2016
 INDIA
• India remained largest remittances-recipient
country and received US $ 70 billions as
remittances from overseas Indian in 2012 and
even topped in GCC countries as it received US
$29.7 billion followed by other countries.
• Due to booming of oil economies and shortage of
man power, there has been increase in the
number of Indians working there. Presently there
are 5 million people working in the Gulf region.
 KERALA
• It was in 1990s perception of migration began
to change in Gulf region due to
 Gender Relations
 Development of airways between Kerala and
Gulf region
 Family reunification
 Settlement strategies in west coast of UAE
 BANGLADESH
• Gulf states have generated highest demand for
Bangladeshi labour.
• Between 1976 and 2012 more than 6 million
Bangladeshi migrated to Gulf states(GCC)
which included Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and
United Arab Emirates ranged between 75-
80%.
• Picture of Table 7.1.
 Impact on Bangladesh
• Remittances, family income, liabilities and
asset building
• Repayment of outstanding loans
• Savings and investment in land, housing and
other assets
• Job satisfaction
• Health and well- being indicators
 NEPAL
• After 1990s people have migrated to various
Gulf states. Estimates suggest that around 40%
of the total population of the 6 Persian
countries with the proportion reaching 87% in
the Qatar.
• Migration from all the 75 districts of Nepal is
due to extreme poverty and dependence on
agriculture which was not able to provide food
security in the region.
 NEPAL contd...
• No of Nepali migrant workers in GCC countries
mid July 2011 to mid January 2012
 Either intro or conclusion
• Overseas migration plays an important role in the economic progress and prosperity of
individuals as well as nations - both countries of origin and destination. The economic
contribution of migration, especially towards poverty reduction, employment
generation and women’s empowerment in Afghanistan is extensive. It is also an
effective mechanism of transferring new skills. On return, the afghan migrants would
bring knowledge and new skills as well as social capital to the country. Furthermore,
the remittances sent by migrants, not only provide livelihoods for their families but
also much needed foreign exchange to support the local economy. Remittances help
build foreign exchange reserves and providing balance of payment support. Host
countries are able to address a number of issues surrounding shifting demographics
through effective labor migration. It is, therefore, an important source of economic
growth and development for individuals as well as nations. Indeed, all migrant workers
– irrespective of their status – contribute to growth and prosperity of sending and
receiving countries.
• http://www.unitar.org/ny/sites/unitar.org.ny/files/Abella%20and%20Ducanes
%20Economic%20Crisis%20and%20Labour%20Migration%20in%20Asia.pdf
 KUWAIT 1990S
• Iraq invades Kuwait in 1990 because Iraq accused Kuwait
of stealing Iraqi petroleum which was known as gulf war.

 The effect of the crises were very drastic. Thousands

were either killed, wounded, raped, or taken prisoner
before the war ended. The economic frustration was at
the root of the Gulf Conflict in the first place and Iraq's
inability to repay its debts

• Around 170000 Indians were rescued by Air-India

 SAUDI ARBIA
• 10,000 Indian nationals laid off in Saudi Arabia were facing a "food crisis.”

• The Saudi-based Arab News reported that hundreds of Saudi Oger's

employees said they had not been paid from seven months.

• In the past, Human Rights Watch has criticized Saudi Arabia for "rampant
employer abuses of migrant workers, including forcing them to work against
their will or on exploitative terms".

• Workers laid off in Kuwait were also suffering food shortages but the situation
there was under control.

• 10000 India workers were saved from Jeddah city of Saudi Arabia on 2 nd
August, 2016.