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Nomenclature: IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry
Nomenclature: IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry
Nomenclature: IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry
A. Hydrocarbon
• Acyclic Hydrocarbons
• Monocyclic Hydrocarbons
• Fused Polycyclic Hydrocarbons
• Bridged Hydrocarbons (Extension of the Von
Baeyer System)
• Spiro Hydrocarbons
• Hydrocarbon Ring Assemblies
• Cyclic Hydrocarbons with Side Chains
• Terpene Hydrocarbons
Acyclic Hydrocarbons
Examples of names:
11 Undecane 22 Docosane 32 Dotriacontane
12 Dodecane 23 Tricosane 33 Tritriacontane
13 Tridecane 24 Tetracosane 40 Tetracontane
14 Tetradecane 25 Pentacosane 50 Pentacontane
15 Pentadecane 26 Hexacosane 60 Hexacontane
16 Hexadecane 27 Heptacosane 70 Heptacontane
17 Heptadecane 28 Octacosane 80 Octacontane
18 Octadecane 29 Nonacosane 90 Nonacontane
19 Nonadecane 30 Triacontane 100 Hectane
20 Icosane 31 Hentriacontane 132 Dotriacontahectane
21 Henicosane
1.2 . Univalent radicals derived from
saturated unbranched acyclic
hydrocarbons by removal of hydrogen
from a terminal carbon atom are named
by replacing the ending "-ane" of the
name of the hydrocarbon by "-yl".
Isobutane
Isopentane
Neopentane
Isohexane
2.2 - The longest chain is numbered from one
end to the other by Arabic numerals, the
direction being so chosen as to give the
lowest numbers possible to the side chains.
1-Methylpentyl
2-Methylpentyl
5-Methylhexyl
The following names may be used for
the unsubstituted radicals only:
Example :
ethyl is cited before methyl
4-Ethyl-3,3-dimethylheptane
Hypenated prefixes (sec-, tert-) or prefixes
indicaing the number of such groups (di, tri,
etc.) are not considered in alphabetical order
Example:
3-ethyl-6-isopropyl-2,4-dimethylnonane
(alphabetical order : e, i, m)
(ii) The name of a complex radical is
considered to begin with the first letter of
its complete name.
Example:
Example:
(d) The chain having the least branched side
chains
Example:
Rule A-3. Unsaturated Compounds and
Univalent Radicals.
3.1 - Unsaturated unbranched acyclic
hydrocarbons having one double bond
are named by replacing the ending "-ane"
of the name of the corresponding
saturated hydrocarbon with the ending "-
ene".
If there are two or more double bonds, the
ending will be "-adiene", "-atriene", etc.
Example:
2-hexene
1,4-hexadiene
The following non-systematic names are
retained:
Ethylene
Allene
3.2 - Unsaturated unbranched acyclic
hydrocarbons having one triple bond are
named by replacing the ending "-ane" of the
name of the corresponding saturated
hydrocarbon with the ending "-yne".
Example:
1,3-Hexadien-5-yne
3-Penten-1-yne
1-Penten-4-yne
3.4 - Unsaturated branched acyclic
hydrocarbons are named as derivatives of
the unbranched hydrocarbons which
contain the maximum number of double
and triple bonds.
Ethynyl
2-Propynyl
1-Propenyl
2-Butenyl
1,3-Butadienyl
2-pentenyl
2-Penten-4-ynyl
Exceptions:
Isopropenyl(for 1-methylvinyl)
3.6 - When there is a choice for the
fundamental chain of a radical, that chain
is selected which contains
(1) the maximum number of double and
triple bonds;
(2) the largest number of carbon atoms;
and
(3) the largest number of double bonds.
Examples:
3.6 - When there is a choice for the
fundamental chain of a radical, that chain
is selected which contains
(1) the maximum number of double and
triple bonds;
(2) the largest number of carbon atoms;
and
(3) the largest number of double bonds.