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    The Medieval City

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    Maninder Bajwa
    The medieval city arose following the fall of Rome in the 5th century AD. Christianity spread and the concept of equality and brotherhood led to the formation of cities. Early medieval cities featured a church square and castle with fortified walls. As commerce grew, cities expanded and the church square became a market square. Later cities like Venice and Florence featured colorful public life but also overcrowding without proper sanitation, leading to epidemics like the Black Death in the 14th century. Increased trade and industrialization further overpopulated cities and created unsanitary living conditions.

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    The Medieval City

    Uploaded by

    Maninder Bajwa
    83 views13 pages
    The medieval city arose following the fall of Rome in the 5th century AD. Christianity spread and the concept of equality and brotherhood led to the formation of cities. Early medieval cities featured a church square and castle with fortified walls. As commerce grew, cities expanded and the church square became a market square. Later cities like Venice and Florence featured colorful public life but also overcrowding without proper sanitation, leading to epidemics like the Black Death in the 14th century. Increased trade and industrialization further overpopulated cities and created unsanitary living conditions.

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    The medieval city arose following the fall of Rome in the 5th century AD. Christianity spread and the concept of equality and brotherhood led to the formation of cities. Early medieval cities featured a church square and castle with fortified walls. As commerce grew, cities expanded and the church square became a market square. Later cities like Venice and Florence featured colorful public life but also overcrowding without proper sanitation, leading to epidemics like the Black Death in the 14th century. Increased trade and industrialization further overpopulated cities and created unsanitary living conditions.

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    83 views13 pages

    The Medieval City

    Uploaded by

    Maninder Bajwa
    The medieval city arose following the fall of Rome in the 5th century AD. Christianity spread and the concept of equality and brotherhood led to the formation of cities. Early medieval cities featured a church square and castle with fortified walls. As commerce grew, cities expanded and the church square became a market square. Later cities like Venice and Florence featured colorful public life but also overcrowding without proper sanitation, leading to epidemics like the Black Death in the 14th century. Increased trade and industrialization further overpopulated cities and created unsanitary living conditions.

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    of 13

    Rise of The Medieval City

    Downfall of the Roman Empire


    •Feudal Wars
    •Rise of Christianity
    •Dark Ages
    •Internal Disputes: Disintegration
    into E & W Empires (E- greek
    orthodox church, W-Liberal
    roman church)
    •Rise of Byzantium as the Capital
    with Christianity as State Religion
    (AD. 323)
    1
    Rise of The Medieval City (dark ages)

     Medieval Period :Post Roman – Pre-Renaissance

     Fall of Rome 5th cent. AD Renaissance began in 15th cent AD

     Arch. Divisions: Romanesque &Gothic

     Town planning: Early Medieval (dark ages upto 1000 AD ) &


    Mature Period-1000AD Gothic Revival . Distinct Town Patterns Evolve.

     Rise of Christianity and Equality, brotherhood led to the


    formation of the medieval city

    2
    Rise of The Medieval City-2
    •Parallel to World Conquests

    •Monasticism spread thro’ Italy to Europe


    •Practiced in Catacombs
    •Subterrranean Chambers
    •As Commerce grew, University Towns came up (eg.
    St. Gall)

    3
    Rise of The Medieval City-4

    •Feudalism declined and the merchantile town grew.


    •Christianity a simple idea of kindness

    •Growth of a monastic order to contemplate in the remote


    landscapes,preservation of civilization thro’out the Dark Ages.

    •Great Philosophers: St Augustine (354-430AD), St. Thomas


    Aquinas(1126-98 AD), Muslim of Cordova(1225-74AD).

    4
    Rise of The Medieval City-5

    Missionary Architecture: Planning under Monasticism

    1. Applied to closed community

    2. Precise timetable for activities.

    3. Introduction to Agricultural farms.

    4. Eg. St. Gall, Assissi Sacred Landscapes, Brittany: St. Michael,


    Russia: St. Joseph Vokolamsk

    5. Places of prayer: Abbeys most important.


    (Pointed Arch, church steeples, pointing to heaven).

    5
    Rise of The Medieval City-6

    Early Medieval City


    Principle Features:
    Church Square, Castle.(SIENNA)
    Town and Country strong demarcation
    Moat, crenallated walls, fortifications, Finite sized.
    Buildings packed wrt open spaces, poor hygiene with growth
    and therefore decline.eg. Carcassone, Noerdlingen.

    6
    Rise of The Medieval City-7

    Church

    Medieval Town -SIENA Campo

    7
    Rise of The Medieval City-8

    8
    Rise of The Medieval City-9

    Later Medieval City- VENICE , PISA ,FLORENCE


    •Church square becme the Market Square.
    •13-14 century: Bastide towns(strict geometry of plan form)
    •Colonial Cities for military security and trade.

    •Monastery towns were a parallel development (Bologna


    1200 AD,Italy, Paris, Cambridge 1300 AD).Church assisted
    by wealthy merchant class estd. Hospices
    healthcare,philanthropy part of medieval city.
    •Colourful Life: Merchant of Venice, Pageantry, Fun ,
    informal human environment.
    9
    Rise of The Medieval City-10

    Later Medieval
    City- VENICE ,
    PARIS ,FLORENCE

    10
    Decline of The Medieval City-1

    Principal Causes:
    •Population, Overcrowding PARIS grew 100,000-240,000 Florence
    45,000-90,000,Venice crossed 200,000
    •Physical size of city could not support population outburst
    •Wheeled travel increased congestion,open spaces in the city eaten
    up by factories. Gar de Le’eau’,‘Gardo loo’ which meant excreta
    waste dumped into strrets, all windows shut.(Merchant of Venice).
    •No sewage disposal , all waste onto streets:epidemic Black Death
    of 1400 AD
    •No sewage disposal , all waste onto streets: epidemic Black Death
    of 1400 AD

    11
    Decline of The Medieval City-2

    Florence Oliver Twist


    Nightingale

    12
    Decline of The Medieval City-3
    Principal Causes(cont.) Florence Nightingale Charles DickensOliver Twist

    •World Travel Increased therefore movement of goods


    and people :Trade. Rise of Merchantilism as roads were
    safe and military aggression almost nil.
    •Merchantilism brought in more coke ovens, factories,
    production hikes, greater job opportunities,household
    industries, more craftsmen required to match demand of
    goods.
    •Growth of congestion , slums, unhygienic work conditions
    in the absence of labour laws/Labour rights/minimum
    wages.
    •Land as a sole money valued entity declined.Trade
    power rose.Church power consolidated.Serfdom
    declined. 13

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