Color

Blindness
Amanda Shkreli
History of the Disease

● Discovered by John Dalton (1794) when

he accidentally bought his mother scarlet
stockings thinking they were blue
● Theory of colour-blindness was that the
aqueous liquid in his own eye was
discoloured with a blue tint
● When he died he asked for his eyeballs to
be removed to have his theory tested
● Was proved to be incorrect
Cause of the Disease
● Color blindness genetic condition
caused by a difference in how one or
more light sensitive cells (cones)
found in the retina of the eye respond
to certain colors
● The cones sense wavelengths of
light and enable the retina to
distinguish between colors
● This difference in sensitivity in one or
more cones can make a person color
blind
Symptoms of the
Disease
● Difficulty distinguishing
between colors
● Inability to see shades or
tones of the same color
● Different kinds of color
blindness:
○ Full Color Blindness
(Black and White)
○ Red–green Color
Blindness
○ Blue-yellow Color
Blindness
Tritanomaly
● Tritan defects are autosomal and encoded on
chromosome 7, therefore it is equally prevalent in both
male and female populations
● It is of blue-yellow color blindness that is equally rare for
both males and females affecting 0.01% of the
population
● It involves the inactivation of the short-wavelength
sensitive cone system (whose absorption spectrum
peaks in the bluish-violet)
● People affected by tritan color blindness:
○ Have a mutated form of the short-wavelength
(blue) pigment
○ Confuse blue with green and yellow with violet
● http://www.color-blindness.com/coblis-color-blindness-
simulator/
 ● Mutation is location OPN1SW gene
(chromosome 7)
● This gene usually provides
instructions for making a protein
that is essential for normal color
Tritanomaly ●
vision
Gene mutations changes a single
amino acid in the short-wave-
sensitive photopigment causing
the photopigment to be partially or
totally nonfunctional
Inheritance

● The son of a woman carrying a faulty gene has a 50% chance

of inheriting the faulty X chromosome and as a result –
suffering from color blindness
● The daughter of the same woman is unlikely to be color blind
unless her father is color blind; however she retains a 50%
chance of being a carrier for the defective gene.
Treatment for the
Disease
● There is no known cure for color blindness
● Contact lenses and glasses are available with
filters to help color deficiencies, if needed
● The vision of most color blind people is
normal in all other respects
Identification
of the Disease
Color blindness is self-
diagnosable through color
vision tests.
 ● Many any countries governments
do not take it seriously
○ There are no research in such
countrie
○ No outlets interested to take about
improving Color Vision Deficiency

Bioethical ○
patients
Areas of jobs that rejected CVD

Considerations people (electronics,

communication cables,the casino
who employ color chips in the
business, and printing and colour-
intensive art-works)
Citations

“Color Blindness.” Color Blindness – Symptoms and Treatments for Color Blindness : Bausch + Lomb,
www.bausch.com/your-eye-concerns/diseases-and-disorders/color-blindness.

“The Ethics of Being Colour Blind and Social Implications.” Topix, www.topix.com/forum/health/color-
blindness/TPNOJK6QEB4A4743E/the-ethics-of-being-colour-blind-and-social-implic.

“OPN1SW Gene - Genetics Home Reference.” U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of
Health, ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/OPN1SW#conditions.

qi.com/infocloud/colour-blindness.

www.colour-blindness.com/general/prevalence/.