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The Respiratory System
The Respiratory System
The Respiratory System
Chloride shift –
P.827 Figure 22.22
Control of Respiration
P.834 Respiratory centers are located in
the medulla oblongata and pons
Control of normal respiration is located
in medulla oblongata, also called
inspiratory center; “on” cause
inspiration and “off” cause expiration
2 seconds on and 3 seconds off; results
in a respiration of 12 – 15 breaths/min
Eupnea – normal respiratory rate and
rhythm
Apneustic center – activates
inspiratory area results into prolonged
breathing
Pneumotaxic center - inactivates
inspiratory area; quick breathing
836 Hypercapnia –
Hypocapnia –
Hypoventilation –
Apnea –
P.838 Hyperpnea –
Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) –
P.839 Dyspnea -
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease (COPD)
Emphysema – deterioration of the
alveolar walls
P.840 Chronic bronchitis –
inflammation and fibrosis of the mucosa
Asthma – active inflammation of the
airways comes first
Tuberculosis –
P.841 Lung cancer -