Discovery Bluff

What is the typical very small unit of life that

can replicate independently which cannot be
seen by the naked eye.
 ANSWER
Cell
The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small
room") is the basic structural, functional,
and biological unit of all known living organisms.
A cell is the smallest unit of life that
can replicate independently, and cells are often
called the "building blocks of life".
He examined a piece of cork that was composed
of a mass of chamber which he called them as a
cell.
 ANSWER
Robert Hooke
He examined a piece of cork that was composed
of a mass of chamber. In 1665, he reported to
the Royal Society of London which he called
cells.
They documented the results of a systematic
investigation of plant and animal tissues with
the light microscope, showing that cells were
the universal building blocks of living
tissues/life.
 ANSWER
Matthias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann
Both of them have made their own discoveries
and achievements but together they have made
one very important discovery in 1839 which is
the “Cell Theory”.
 He performed an experiment in 1860’s, which
finally confirmed the implications of living
organisms do not arise spontaneously but can
be generated only from existing organisms that
was hotly contested.
 ANSWER
Louis Pasteur
He discovered the spontaneous generation
theory/experiment.
This theory tells that…

• All living organisms are composed of one or

more cells.
• The cell is the basic unit of structure and
organization in organisms.
• Cells arise from pre-existing cells.
 ANSWER
Cell Theory
Cell theory was eventually formulated in 1839.
This is usually credited to Matthias
Schleiden and Theodor Schwann. However,
many other scientists like Rudolf
Virchow contributed in this theory.
 This theory of evolution explains how diversity
has arisen that share a common ancestry among
organisms.
 ANSWER
Theory of Evolution
This theory discovered by Charles Darwin which
is published in 1859, it is provided the key
insight that makes this history comprehensible,
by showing how random variation and natural
selection can drive the production of organism
with novel features, adapted to new ways of life.
This microscope was invented in 1930 which go
beyond by using this beams of electron instead
of beams of light as the source of illumination.
 ANSWER
Electron Microscope
Additional, greatly extending our ability to see
the fine details of cells and even making some of
the larger molecules and organelles visible
individually.
This is a type of microscope which allows us to
magnify cells up to 1000 times and to resolve
details as small as 0.2 µm
 ANSWER
Light Microscope
There are three things are required for viewing
cells in a light microscope:
First: A bright light must be focused onto the
specimen by lenses in the condenser.
Second: The specimen must be carefully
prepared to allow light to pass through it.
Third: ???
 ANSWER

An appropriate set of lenses (objective and

eyepiece) must be arranged to focus an image
of fine specimen in the eye.
In flourescence microscopy, in what ways did the
illuminating light which can passes through two
sets of filters?
 ANSWER
First:
It filters the light before it reaches the
specimen passing only those wavelengths that
excite the particular fluorescent dye.
Second:
It blocks out this light and passes only those
wavelengths emitted when the dye fluoresce.
Dyed objects show up in bright color on a dark
background.
 It is a specialized type of fluorescence
microscope that builds up an image by scanning
the specimen with a laser beam.
 ANSWER
Confocal Microscope
This type of microscopy gives a blurry image due
to the presence of fluorescent structures above
and below the plane of focus.
 ANSWER
Conventional Fluorescence Microscopy
This type of microscopy provides an optical
section showing the individual cells clearly.
 ANSWER
Confocal Microscopy
This type of electron microscope which is similar
to a light microscope used to look at thin
sections of tissue that transmits a beam of
electrons instead of beam of light. And magnetic
coils to focus the beam instead of glass lenses.
 ANSWER
Transmission Electron Microscope
This microscope has a useful magnification of up
to a million fold and with biological specimens
can resolve details as small as about 2 nm.
 This type of electron microscope which the
specimen has been coated with a very thin film
of a heavy metal, is scanned by a beam of
electrons brought to a focus on the specimen by
the electromagnetic coils that, in electron
microscopes, acts as a lenses.
 ANSWER
Scanning Electron Microscope
It scatters electrons off the surface of the
sample and so is used to look at the surface
detail of cells and other structures. This
microscope creates a striking images of three
dimensional objects with a great depth of focus.
 This index causing light rays to be deflected as
they pass from the medium into the other. The
small differences can be made visible by
specialized optical techniques, and the resulting
images can be enhanced further by electronic
processing in the microscope
 ANSWER
Refractive Index
 It is an organelle which describe as a large,
round body that is prominently located in the
middle of the cell. It contains a DNA as a genetic
material.
ANSWER
Nucleus
It is a transparent substance crammed with
what seems at first to be a jumble of
miscellaneous objects known as organelles.
ANSWER
Cytoplasm
 It is separate and common features of
recognizable substructures that are only hazily
defined under the microscope.
 ANSWER
Cell Organelles
 It is a phospholipid bilayer with proteins that
separates the cell from the surrounding
environment and functions as a selective barrier
for the import and export of materials.
 ANSWER
Plasma Membrane/Cell Membrane
It is the membrane which surrounds the
organelles.
 ANSWER
Internal Membrane
It is a technique that can be used to determine
the three dimensional structure of protein
molecules.
 ANSWER
X-Ray Crystallography
The method also revealed the structure and
function of many biological molecules,
including vitamins, drugs, proteins and nucleic
acids such as DNA. X-ray crystallography is still
the chief method for characterizing the atomic
structure of new materials and in discerning
materials that appear similar by
other experiments.
CONGRATULATIONS!
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