GMO - Genetically Modified Organism

 Foreign genes- bacteria, viruses, insects, animals

or even humans.
 GMOs - also known as “transgenic” organisms.
 Process- called either Genetic Engineering (GE)
or Genetic Modification (GM)
History
 7,800 BCE – “selective breeding” or “artificial selection”.
 1973 – first genetically engineered (GE) organism.
 1974 – “mouse” first genetically engineered animal.
 1975
 1800- Gregor Mendel father of “modern genetics”
 1992 - “tomatoes”first genetically modified food crop.
 2000 – “golden rice”
Process
Example: Plant Genetic Engineering
Step 1: DNA Extraction

Step 2 : Gene Cloning

Step 3 : Gene Design

Step 4 : Transformation
Step 5 : Backcross Breeding
Example of GMO
1. Corn

2. Soy
3. Tomato

4.Sheep
Benefits of GMOs
1. It allows for more profit.
2. It is economically efficient.
3. It introduces the knowledge of genetic
alterations.
4. It adds more nutritional value to crops.
5. Its products are found to be safe.
Risks of GMOs
1. It can be dangerous to other insects that are
important to our ecosystem.
2. It can damage the environment.
3. It threatens crop diversity.
4. Decreased Nutrional Value
5. Food Allergy
Sources
http://responsibletechnology.org/gmo-education/
https://geneticliteracyproject.org/2015/08/12/gmos-from-ancient-
history-to-the-future/
http://agbiosafety.unl.edu/education/summary.htm
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/builtlean/diet-and-
nutrition_b_4323937.html
https://greengarageblog.org/13-main-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-
gmos
http://enhs.umn.edu/current/5103/gm/harmful.html