Introduction to Quality Control

• Founder of the modern quality movement:

• Dr. W. Edwards Deming

• Landmark book:

• Out of the Crisis: Quality, Productivity and

Competitive Position
 Introduction to Quality Control

The Deming Equation

Competitive
Quality + Productivity =
Position
 Question

How would you define quality?

• Think of a product or some service.
• Describe some aspect or
characteristic that would make it be
considered of high quality.
Definition of Statistical Thinking
1. An understanding of variation

2. An awareness of when and how variability

affects quality

3. An ability to identify variability that can be

controlled

4. A commitment to controlling and reducing

variability in a never-ending striving for quality
improvement
-- Levine, Ramsey, Berenson
 The Strategy of Statistical
Process Control
• Use statistics as a means of communication
from ...
• The business process we wish to improve
for the purpose of …
• Controlling the process (people, where
communication is vital)
The Process: collection of inputs
of particular sequence that create
output
Inputs Process Outputs

Machines
Material
Methods A process is a chain of
activities that turns
People
inputs into outputs.
Environment
 Fill in the Blank:

__________ Control

Reactive or Proactive?
 Product Control
(Reactive)
Measure Rework,
Or Downgrade, or
Observe Scrap

Compare to Corrective
Output Action
Specifications Options
 Process Control
(Proactive)
Measure
Improve
Or
Inputs
Observe

Compare to
Statistical
Expected
Evaluation
Variation
 Statistical Control

• A variable is in a state of statistical control

if it can be described by the same
distribution over time.
• “In control” means the same thing.
 In Control Vs. Out of Control

In Control

Out of
Control

Special Cause