Supercourse

‫وزارة الصحة‬
 eprosy is a chronic granulomatous diseases
caused by Mycobacterium Leprae.It is regarded as
public health problem because of its capacity to cause
permanent disabilities with their social consequences of
discrimination and stigma

It is of 3main types ; Tuberculosis, Borderline and

the Lepromatous.However, there is a neural type
which affect the nerves only.
 It is also known as Hansen disease after the scientist
who discoverer the M Leprae
 It is similar to M tuberculosis but resistant to culture.
It is an obligate intracellular microbe that multiplies
slowly. It has a predilection for cooler areas of human
body (skin, peripheral nerves, nose, anterior chamber
of the eyes). It has 3 main targets: peripheral neural
tissues (Schwann cells), small vessels, and
monocytes.The skin and nerves are the most
commonly affected organs.
Armadillo

Some types of monkeys

Rabbits and Mices (foot pads)

It is known in Germany as ,Aussatz
and as Prokaza in Russia and as
Lepre in French and as
Lepra in Spanish and as
Mafung Chinese and as
Raibyo in Japanese and as
Kushtha In Hindi and in most
Sengalese languages , it is known as
‘’The great disease’’
Mainly respiratory route .

Others (broken skin lesion

,Pregnancy, insect or contact with animals that
harbor the organism)
Hypopigmented patches Nerve enlargment
Nodules on the ears

Neurological deficits
Clinical features.

Smear or biopsy from the skin lesion stained with

Fite stain .

Lepromin test : Intradermal injection of M

Leprae.It is a tuberculin type of reaction.
Approximately 83% of the leprosy
cases live in 6 countries: Nepal,
Madagascar, Manamar, Indonesia,
and especially,India and Brazil.
It is known to exist in the Saudi
Arabia for long time. But, it is not a
public health problem.
Ministry of Health has established
the Ibn Sina Hospital in 1963 , a
specialized hospital for leprosy, in
Hada area, around 35 KM from
Jeddah.
The prevalence of the disease
decrease from 3.27 for each 100,000
in population in 1984 to 0.14 for
each 100,000 in 2004.
Most of the cases are from
expatriates coming from endemic
areas.
 Registered leprosy cases in Saudi Arabia
350 from 1978-2005
300 Total =2542
Number of Cases

250
200
150
100
50
0
1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005
 Northern boundaries

‫ا‬Aljoof
Tabouk

Madinah
Riyadh

Makkah
Albaha Eastern province
Najran
Assir
Gazan
Most affected region
 159
160

140
126 124 121
120
Total of cases

112
102
100
86
80 76 74 76 77
71
61 58
60 57
44 48
39 42
40
31 31
21
20

0
1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year
 300 292

250
Total of cases

200

159
150
126124 121
112
102
100 93
86
71 76 71 76 74 76 77
61
48 57 58
50 44 48
39 42
21 31 31

0
1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005

Year
 300 292

250
Total of cases

200

159
150
126 124 121
117
112
102
100 93
76 76 86
71 74 76 77
71
57 61
48 58
50 44 48
39 42
31 31
21

0
1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

Year
 100
90 Saudi

80 None Saudi
70

70
Total of Cases

58

60
52
51

50

50
44

36

40
33
30

29
25
25

30
24
22

21
19

19
18

17

18

20
12
10

10
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year
 70
65
60 Male Female
55
50
Total of Cases

45
41

40
35
30
25
25

25
21

18
16

20
13

15
12
11

11
10

10
7

6
6
5

6
6
5
4

5
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year
 70
65
61

60 Male Female
54

55 47

50
43
Total of Cases

45
39

40
35
30

30
22

25
18

20
17

17

15

15
9

10
7

6
5

5
4

4
3

5
2
1

0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year
 102

68

68
70

65
64
65
60 Male Female
55
50 46
Total of Cases

45
40
35

35 35
30

30
23

25
21
19

18

20
13
12

15
11
10

10
9

10
7

5
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year
 Distribution of registered leprosy
cases in Saudi Arabia
from 1995-2005 according to the nationality
450
416
Number of cases

400
350
300
267
250
200
150
100
50
0

Saudi
267 Non-Saudi 416
 Distribution of registered leprosy
cases in Saudi Arabia
from 1995-2005 according to the sex
600 557
Number of cases

500

400

300

200
126
100

Male female
 Distribution of registered leprosy
cases in Saudi Arabia
from 1995-2005 according to the region
350
Number of cases

305
300

250

200

150 139
110
100 86

50 43

Central East West North South

 Distribution of registered leprosy
cases in Saudi Arabia
from 1995-2005 according to the age
500
462
Number of cases

450
400
350
300
250
210
200
150
100
50
0 0 1 10

1 01-‫ابريل‬ 14-‫مايو‬ 15-44 >45

Distribution of registered leprosy cases
in Saudi Arabia
from 1995-2005 according to the city
29 9 59
70 23
28

31

22 75
13

4
13
11
6
55
33
22
7

182

Riyadh Qassim Hail Eastern Alhassa

Qonfethah Taif Madina Albaha Makkah
Jeddah Aljof Algoreat Northen Al Hafer
Distribution of registered leprosy cases
in Saudi Arabia
from 1995-2005 according to the age
110
0

210

462

<1 01-‫ابريل‬ 14-‫مايو‬ 15-44 >45 6 ‫شريحة‬