This document discusses gender and development from several perspectives. It defines gender as a social construct distinct from biological sex. It explores theories of how gender develops, such as social learning theory and cognitive development theory. It also addresses gender stereotypes, how they contribute to inequality versus equality, and the significant role of power and education in promoting gender equality or inequality. Overall, the document examines how gender is socially constructed and how that construction impacts development at both the individual and societal levels.
This document discusses gender and development from several perspectives. It defines gender as a social construct distinct from biological sex. It explores theories of how gender develops, such as social learning theory and cognitive development theory. It also addresses gender stereotypes, how they contribute to inequality versus equality, and the significant role of power and education in promoting gender equality or inequality. Overall, the document examines how gender is socially constructed and how that construction impacts development at both the individual and societal levels.
This document discusses gender and development from several perspectives. It defines gender as a social construct distinct from biological sex. It explores theories of how gender develops, such as social learning theory and cognitive development theory. It also addresses gender stereotypes, how they contribute to inequality versus equality, and the significant role of power and education in promoting gender equality or inequality. Overall, the document examines how gender is socially constructed and how that construction impacts development at both the individual and societal levels.
Presented by: Felisa E. Elfa Gender and development
Gender refers to socially constructed
differences between men and women boy or a girl.
Sex is a biological concept, the anatomy of an
individual’s reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics.
Gender equality means equality rights and
responsibilities for women and men. In some circumstances an individual’s assigned sex and gender do not align, and the person may be transgender. How does this gender develop? Did your parent’s told you to play guns or dolls?
Did your parents told you to wear brief or panty?
If yes, that is supported by social learning theory.
“Male or female models, specially parents, as the distributors
of reinforcement, reinforce appropriate gender –role behavior “
Social learning theory
Did you acquire gender-appropriate behavior when you were two years old because of symbolic thinking?
If yes this can be explained by cognitive development theory.
Using symbolic thinking, children acquire their gender
identity and then begin the process of acquiring gender appropriate behavior.
Cognitive development theory
But if your gender is developed through schema, this is under the concept of “gender schema theory” Comparison between Boys vs. Girls
Boys are better in Mathematics than girls
Girls speak and pronounce better than
boys
Female should do the household chores
Males are rough noisy persons while
females are gentle and soft spoken. These ideas are called gender stereotyping.
Gender stereotyping are beliefs of
humans hold about the characteristics associated with males and females.
This gender stereotyping contributes
much to the two concepts that greatly affect the development of a society, the gender equality and inequality. Gender equality gives men and women the same entitlements to all aspect of human development.
Strong evidence from around the
world confirms that gender equality accelerates overall economic growth, strengthen democratic governments, and reduces poverty and insecurity therefore promotes development. On the contrary, gender inequality refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals base on their gender. It arises from differences in socially constructed gender roles as well as biologically.
Gender inequality tends to slow
economic growth and make the rise from poverty more difficult. It promotes discrimination rather than development. The most significant factors affecting gender equality and inequality is power.
Power is a basic fabric of society
and is possessed in varying degrees by social factors in diverse social categories. Who are more powerful, men or women? Both men and women have the possibility of being more powerful in their own society and in their own way. It depends on the amount of the determinants of power they have.
These determinants are status resources,
experience and confidence.
As a person gains such determinants, the
greater power he/she will achieve. But, by virtue of male’s greater ascribed status in society, men have more legitimate power than women.
WID –Women in Development Approach
WAD –Women and Development Approach GAD – Gender and Development Approach GLAD – Gender and Law Development Approach Education is seen as providing key in promoting gender equality regardless of the power and status an individual has.
As future educators, let us promote gender-sensitive
education. It is a way to reduce barriers to personal and economic development created by sexism. It helps them determine which assumptions are in matters of gender are valid and which are stereotyped generalizations.
Gender equality is not a woman’s issue, it is a human issue. It