Science….

Title:
symbiosis
 Definition and meaning of
symbiosis
In symbiosis, different organism live
together in a close relationship.
In symbiosis, one organism always
benefits by, receiving food, a place to stay and
shelter. The other organism may benefits, be
at a disadvantage or is not affected.
There are 2 or more different species
which live close together and interact with
each other.
There are 3 types of symbiotic
relationship it is: COMMENSALISM,
PARASITISM and MUTUALISM.
 COMMENSALISM

•Commensalism is a relationship
between two organism.
•A relationship between 2 organism in
which one partner
(the commensalism) benefits while the
other (the host)does not receive any
benefit or harm.
 EXAMPLES :
REMORA FISH AND SHARK.

•A remora fish, often found attached under a shark, gets free

transport, and feeds on food scraps left by the shark without
harming the shark.
•The shark ( host ) is not affected.
•A remora fish ( commensalism ) attaches itself to get the body of a
shark. It gets free transport and sometimes food.
 ZEBRA AND OSTRICH

•Zebra’s and ostriches look out for each other.

•Zebra have a great sense of smell and hearing but they have poor
eye fight.
•Ostrich has great vision but not great hearing or smell.
•These two, have formed a symbiotic relationship through
communicating and warning each other of danger.
 CROCODILE AND EGYPTIAN PLOVERS BIRD

•Crocodile can’t use dental floss, they get food stuck in their teeth.
•All food rots their teeth and causes some pain. When a crocodile feels
need for a good tooth cleaning, it will sit with its mouth wide open.
•The Egyptian plovers bird sees the invitation and if one is nearby it will
fly into the mouth of the crocodile, to eat the food that stuck in
crocodile’s teeth and fly away unharmed.
 MUTUALISM
*Mutualism is an interaction between two
different organism that live together in which
both organism benefits.
*They obtain nutrition and shelter from each
other.
*This relationship helps both organism
survive in harsh condition. Neither organism
will be able to survive on its own.
 EXAMPLES:
An alga and fungus.

*An alga and a fungus from a lichen. The alga produces

food and the fungus provides shelter.
*The green alga is sheltered and protected by the fungus
which prevents it from drying up. The alga carries out
photosynthesis using carbon dioxide release by the
fungus.
*The fungus does not have chlorophyll, so it cannot make
its own food. It receives food and oxygen from the alga.
 The sea anemone and the clown fish.

•A sea anemone and the clown fish attaches itself to a

hermit crab in a way that the anemone’s mouth and
tentacles are close to the mouth of the hermit crab to
obtain food scraps and also free transport. The hermit crab
gets protection from the anemone’s sting.
•The sea anemone protects the clown fish from predators
and provides it with food scraps.
•The clown fish draws larger fish into the tentacles of the
sea anemone.
Root nodules of a leguminous plant

*The plants, in return, provide food and

shelter for the bacteria.
*The RHIZOBIUM bacteria in the root nodules
of leguminous plants convert gaseous nitrogen
into nitrogenous compounds.
 PARASITISM
•In this relationship, there is a
parasite and a host.
•The parasite benefits from living
outside or in the host.
•The host is harmed or may even
be killed by the parasite.
•These parasites obtain food and
shelter from the host. The host
loses weight and is weakened.
 EXAMPLES :
MOSQUITOES

*Mosquitoes (parasites) live on the

skin of mammals (hosts) and suck
the blood of the host.
 RAFFLESIA MISTLETOE

•Rafflesia absorbs food and water

from host.
•Mistletoe absorbs water from host,
not food.
- THE END -