Welcome

TOLANI FOUNDATION
GANDHIDHAM POLYTECHNIC-
ADIPUR

October 2016
 PROJECT

SEMESTER-5
 Main content
Chapter-1
Introduction and overview
Chapter-2
Parking problems in T.F.G.P. Campus
Chapter-3
Types of vehicular parking
Chapter-4
Lay out of different types of parking
Chapter-5
Car parking lay out dimension
Chapter-1
1.Introduction
2.Basic definition
3.Effects of parking
4.Need of work
5.Purpose
6.Objectives of work
 Introductio

n The growing population of India has created many
problems - one of the challenging ones being vehicular
parking. Besides the problem of space for vehicle
moving on the road, greater is the problem of space for
a parked vehicle considering that private vehicles
remain parked for most of their time. Roads are being
built for cars to run but are we also giving the vehicles
enough space to park? Many a time this problem is
overcome by a providing open space for parking.
 Generally there are 2 types of parking system based on
facility. They are as follows:-
1) on – street parking
2) off – street parking
 Briefly we are going to discuss over here
about two – wheeler and four – wheeler parking.
Generally, the parking is divided by type of
vehicle First, the two - wheeler Parking is
categorized into the following three types:
Ground parking, multi level parking &
underground parking. And four – wheeler
parking is also divided into same as two –
wheeler parking. In this type parking is done in
some angles also.like,30 degree,
45degree,60degree, & 90degree
Basic definitions
 What is car park?
 What is a parking area?
 What is a bay parking?
 What is a parking facility?
 What is a parking space?
Effects of parking
 Congestion
 Accidents
 Obstruction to fire fighting operations
 Effect on environment
 Need of work
 In TOLANI F.G.POLYTECHNIC-ADIPUR
(T.F.G.P.) CAMPUS Two-wheeler parking
facility is available but not done
properly.

 Four-wheeler parking is not available so

we will design for Four-wheeler parking
in T.F.G.P. CAMPUS
 Purpose
 Parking problem will be reduced.
 If proper parking is done campus will
be good looking.
 There will be less problem of irregular,
improper and congested parking.
 Safe parking
 Objectives of work

 The main objective is to solve improper

parking problem in (T.F.G.P) TOLANI
F.G. POLYTECHNICH-ADIPUR campus.
 Design systematic and safe parking.
 In T.F.G.P. CAMPUS two-wheeler parking
is available but Four-wheeler parking is
not available.
 So we will design proper two-wheeler
and four-wheeler parking.
 Chapter-2
Parking problems in T.F.G.P. Campus
 Parking problem in T.F.G.P.
Campus
 First of all, there is no proper & strict supervision at parking spot.
So students park their vehicle according to their comfort.
 Where board is there for staff parking, students also park.
 The proper lay-out is not carried out for parking.
 Students park their vehicle in front of gates. Hence, their it is
congestion of vehicular parking.
 Students does not park vehicle at those place where there is
vacant place. Because campus gate is little far from parked vehicle.
 There is not designated place for 4-wheeler parking facility.
 There is not designated place for disabled parking facility.
 Sometimes, 4-wheeler vehicle is also parked between 2-wheeler
parked vehicles.
 Continue..

 In summer, students park their vehicle below and around

the tree. There also congestion of vehicles increases.
 When there is scarcity of place students park their
vehicles below and around the electric pole. This type of
parking is very dangerous to vehicles and surroundings.
 When students are in hurry they park their vehicle in
wrong, improper and irregular direction.
 When there is no space students park their vehicle in
walking lane (i.e. distance between two vehicles parked.)
 The problem arises because the private parking
operators are not participated.
 Vehicles parked in a dangerous position where its
position could cause injury to someone using the road
Fig.1: Improper parking Fig.2:Parking on Road

Fig.3:Parking on Road Fig.4:Improper parking

 Fig.6:Mixed parking Fig.7:Mixed parking

Fig.8:Irregular parking Fig.9:Irregular parking

 Mixed parking

Fig.10:Irregular parking Fig.11:Mixed parking

Fig.12:Parking below electric pole Fig.13:Parking below electric pole

Fig.14: parking on gate Fig.15: parking on gate

Fig.16: parking on gate Fig.17: parking on gate

Fig.18:Old building parking area
 Chapter-3
Types of vehicular parking
Types of vehicle parking:-
1. Motorcycle Parking
2. Car parking
 1.0 Motorcycle
parking

Parking provision for motorcycles will be assessed on demand. The

number of motorcycles in use in Northern Ireland is approximately 2% of the
total number of cars. Where provided or required the location of motorcycle
bays within a development should take account of the requirements of users
and recognize that they are vulnerable in tight or enclosed space.
Fig.19: two wheeler parking
2. Car parking based on
. facility:-

i. On – street or Kerb Parking

ii. Off – street Parking
i. On street OR Kerb
parking:-
1. Parallel Parking

2. 30 degree parking

3. 45 degree parking

4. 60 degree Parking

5. 90 degree Parking
i. On-street
parking

on street parking means the vehicles are

parked on the sides of the street itself. This will be
usually controlled by government agencies itself.
Common types of on-street parking are as listed
below. As per IRC the standard dimensions of a car
is taken as 5× 2.5 m and that for a truck is 3.75×
7.5 m.

Fig.20:on-street parking
Fig.21:on-street parking
 1. Parallel Parking
 Parallel parking is a method
of parking a vehicle in line with other parked
cars.

 Cars parked in parallel are in one line, parallel to

the curb, with the front bumper of each car facing
the back bumper of the adjacent one.

 Parallel parking is considered to be one of the

hardest skills for new drivers to learn.
Parallel Parking

Fig.22:parallel parking
2. 30 degree parking

In thirty degree parking, the vehicles are

parked at 30 with respect to the roinad
alignment. In this case, more vehicles can
be parked compared to parallel parking.
Also there is better maneuver-abilit

In thirty degree parking, the vehicles are parked at 30 with

respect to the roinad alignment. In this case, more vehicles can be
parked compared to parallel parking. Also there is better maneuver-
abilit
Fig.23: 30 degree parking
2. 45 degree parking
As the angle of parking
increases, more number of
vehicles can be parked. Hence
compared to parallel parking
and thirty degree parking, more
number of vehicles can be
accommodated in this type of
parking.

Fig.24: 45 degree parking Fig.25: 45 degree parking

3. 60 degree Parking

The vehicles are parked at 60 to the direction of

road. More number of vehicles can be accommodated in
this parking type.

Fig.26: 60 degree parking

4. 90 degree Parking

In right angle parking or 90parking,

the vehicles are parked perpendicular
to the direction of the road

Fig.27: 90 degree parking

Fig.28: 30º,45º,60ºand 90º
 ii) Off-street parking

Off street parking means vehicles are parked off the

street itself. This will be usually controlled by
commercial agencies itself.

Fig.29 : off-street parking

Off-street parking:-
Types of off street parking are given
below:-

1. Surface car parking

2. Multilevel car parking
i) Automatic multilevel parking
ii) Manual multilevel parking

3.Underground car parking

1. Surface car parking
This is a method of on- street Parking. This is a simplest of all types
of parking. Where large area is available, this method is suitable. In
parking spot area, layout of 30°, 45°,60° & 90° layout is carried out
for 2-wheeler and 4-wheeler vehicles. It affects land cost & layout
cost. So this is economical parking.

Fig.30 : surface car parking

2. Multilevel car parking

A Elevated parking (also called a parking

garage, parking structure, parking ramp,
parking building, parking deck or indoor
parking) is a building designed for vehicle
parking and where there are a number of
floors or levels on which parking takes place.

Mainly two types of multilevel parking

i) Automatic multilevel parking
ii) Manual multilevel parking
BASIC CONCEPT OF AUTOMATIC MLCP

No Ramps Half the Space

No High Ceilings No Need for Space on
Twice As Many Cars . Either side of car
Fig.31 : automatic multilevel car parking
 i). Automatic Multi-
Storeyed Car Parking:-
 Automatic multi-stored car parking system is
very good substitute for car parking area. In
space where more than 100 cars need to be
parked and also to reduce the wastage of
area, this system can be used.

 This Automatic Car Parking enables the

parking of vehicles floor after floor and thus
reducing the space used. This makes the
system modernized and a space-saving one.
 continued…

 Automated parking is a method of

automatically parking and retrieving cars
typically using a computerised system of
pallets, lifts and carriers.

 It is most suitable on expensive sites and

where land is very limited for economical
development with a ramp parking.
ii). Manual multilevel
parking
In this type parking is on above ground
level. The parking is done on multi levels. Levels
are joined by ramp facility. Drive or customer
drives the car to the multi levels. No additional
problem is arise in this type of parking. It is easy
type of parking. There are one or more levels in
this type of parking
Fig.32 : manually multilevel car parking
 Advantages of multi-
story parking
 Space effective – space savings upwards of 70 percent.
 Freeing the space at ground level for better commercial use.
 Reduced total cost of ownership.
 Environmental friendly as ramps are avoided.
 Higher throughput and faster operations (capability to handle
40 to 60 cars an hour).
 Less Pollution.
 Security from Theft and Car Damages.
 Save you space, time & money.
 Simple structure, simple operation.
 Speedy system, moves smoothly, not noisy.
 It can be constructed and implemented in residential areas.
 Disadvantages
 Parking lots also tend to be subject to
contamination.
 concentrated spots of pollutants such as motor
oil.
 preferred shaded parking spaces in the summer.
 planting trees because of the extra cost of
cleaning the parking lot .
Necessity of Automatic
MLCP
1.0 optimal utilization of space
2.0 Can be constructed on minimum
3.0 Lower construction cost
4.0 Low maintenance and operational cost
5.0 Safety of vehicle
6.0 Environment friendly
7.0 Benefit to a driver
8.0 Benefit to builder
 3. Underground parking

A structure below ground level often

below another non parking structure,
sometimes below open ground either
landscaped or laid out as a car park
(parking lot)

Fig.33 :underground car parking

 ChApter-4
Lay out of different types of parking
Layout of different types of parking:-
 

1. Parallel parking
2. 30 degree parking
3. 45 degree parking
4. 60 degree parking
5. 90 degree parking
 1. Parallel parking
The vehicles are parked along the length of
the road. Here there is no backward movement
involved while parking the vehicle. Hence, it is
the safest parking from the accident perspective.
However, it consumes the maximum curb length
and therefore only a minimum number of
vehicles can be parked for a given Ker bed
length. This method of parking produces least
obstruction to the on-going track on the road
since least road width is used.
Fig.34 :parallel parking
2. 30 degree parking
In thirty degree parking, the vehicles are parked
at 30° with respect to the road alignment. In this
case, more vehicles can be parked compared to
parallel parking. Also there is better maneuver-ability

3. 45 degree parking
As the angle of parking increases, more number of
vehicles can be parked. Hence compared to parallel
parking and thirty degree parking, more number of
vehicles can be accommodated in this type of parking.
 Fig.35: 30 degree
parking

Fig.36: 45 degree
parking
4. 60 degree parking
The vehicles are parked at 60° to the direction of
road. More number of vehicles can be
accommodated in this parking type.

5. 90 degree parking
In right angle parking or 90 degree parking, the
vehicles are parked perpendicular to the direction
of the road. Although it consumes maximum width
kerbed length required is very little. In this type of
parking, the vehicles need complex maneuvering
and this may cause severe accidents.
 Fig.37: 60 degree
parking

Fig.38: 90 degree
parking
 ChApter-5
Car parking layout dimension
 Car parking layout
dimension
1. Minimum width of parking aisle
2. Minimum dimensions of Clearway
Ramps
3. Minimum head room
1. Minimum width of parking aisle
What is parking aisle?
A parking aisle is a subordinated way in
a parking lot between rows of parking
spaces that vehicles use to drive into and
out of the space

Fig.39
Fig.40:Parallel parking Fig.41: 30 degree parking

Fig.42: 45 degree parking Fig.43: 60 degree parking

90 degree parking
Fig.44: 90 degree parking
 2. Minimum dimensions of
Clearway Ramps
Parking ramps are inclined floors that provide
access to adjacent parking stalls. These are sloping
aisles with parking stalls adjacent to them. The
gradient of parking ramps shall preferably be 1:25
(4%) and the maximum gradient shall not be
steeper than 1:20 (5%).
 Figure45: Example of a single, straight lane

Figure 46: Example of single curved lanes

3. Minimum head room

the minimum headroom

or height clearance from
floor level to the underside
of any projections including
beams, direction signs,
sprinkler heads, electrical
fittings, etc shall be
2200mm
Figure 47: minimum head room
Figure 48: minimum head room
 conclusion
 By our Project parking we came to know a lot
about the parking and we analyzed about all
types of parking. By analyzing project we know
that 45˚ is suitable for 2 wheeler parking.
 This type of method can be adopted at place
where densely populated area, offices,
buildings, etc. Also in metro city projects. In
this type, supervision is not required, if layout
is proper. Its main advantage is that it can be
adopted for 4-wheeler also if needed.. It is also
safe for on-street parking. Less destruction,
wear & tear of parked vehicles.
References
 http://auto.howstuffworks.com
 http://www.automatedcarpark.com
 http://en.wikipedia.org
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Card Security System, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering
Research Volume 3, Issue 12, December-2012 1 ISSN 2229-5518.
 Mrs.Priyanka. Kolhar,OffstreetParking Management Plan for Dharwad City,
Karnataka, India,Journal of Engineering Research and Studies E-ISSN0976-
7916.
 Santheesh G,Intelligent Parking lot Management System-Implementation
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 Meghna Shivastava & Prof.Dr.Sanjay Gupta, Planning For MLCP Facilities in
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-2011 Edition
 
 http://www.nbm.org/exhibitions-collections/exhibitions/house-of-cars.html
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_parking_system#/media/File:Autoturm_von_
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.
 http://www.parking-info.com/basicPage.php?page=data/data_controlEFCG.html
 K. Matsushita and Others. 1993. An Environmental Study of Underground Parking Lot
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 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-storey_car_park
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parking
 www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120545290
 ts/195-common.htm
 www.webpages.uidaho.edu/.../parkinglotdesign
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 www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/959.html
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_parking_system
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parking_space
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parking_space
 www.planningni.gov.uk/downloads/parking-standards.pdf
 www.parkinglotplanet.com/helpful-hin
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 http://www.trevigroup.com/viewdoc.asp?co_id=203
CREATED BY:-
Garva amit k. 146510306022
Joshi smit p. 146510306026
Mali amit k. 146510306033
Mehta dishant m. 146510306037
Modi yash r. 146510306038
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