P.

482
The Muslim
Empires
 Ottoman Rise of the Ottoman Turks: 13 century, lead

Empire: by Osman in Anatolian Peninsula began to

expand into a dynasty. (Formerly Byzantine
Western Asia, N Africa, Empire) Turks trained janissaries or an
Europe; mosques; elite guard and converted them from
religious tolerance Christianity to Islam. Jannisaries became
masters of new technology—firearms;

Megmed II: helped ottomans end

Byzantine Empire;

Constantinople renamed Istanbul : new

capital under Sultan Selina I-leader of
Ottoman Turks; named himself Caliph;
controlled Mesopatamia.
Ottoman World: divided into provinces and districts.
“Gunpowder Empire:” formed by outside conquerors
who unified the regions they conquered.

Sultan: head of system both politically and militarily;

controlled using imperial council; passed down by
heredity—caused problems among sons. Grand vizier
was next in charge. Sultan would sit behind a screen
and declare his wishes to the Grand Vizier pashas:
colected taxes, maintained order

Harem: sacred, isolated place for sultan; sultan’s

mother held special advising power.
 Architecture &
Religion: tolerant the Arts
Most: Sunni Muslims Sultans loved the arts

Sultans had named themselves caliphs; out Sinan: Greatest Ottoman Architect
ulema (religious advisers) in charge

Sunni Shi’a

HEAD OF STATE:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5KLvjs7Yrtw
 Problems in the Ottoman Empire

Changes in Gov’t
Suleyman I –called “The Magnificent” because Cultural Changes
he was feared and admired; executed his sons Western/European
for treason; Selim II took over (another son); lifestyles began to
caused internal disintegration—Sultans began to be imitated.
lose power, which always leads to overall loss
COFFEE
of power; corruption ensued
STOP
 Part 2. p. 490

Rule of Safavids-Middle EAST

read p. 490-491 aloud
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7mxVGy4TEGk

After the Timur Lenk Empire collapsed (MIDDLE

EAST)—anarchy--Safavids took over; NOT SUNNI-
Shi’a

Founder: Shah Esmail; used forces to overtake Iraq

& Iran—named himself Shah (King). Sultan in Turkey
tried to stop it, but Esmail wouldn’t stop. Massacred
Sunnis in Baghdad.

Selim I (Turkey) & Esmail battled over territory. It

changed hands many times. Hard to assimilate either
culture.
Glory & Decline of Safavid
Safavid Empire reached its height under Shah Abbas in early 1600’s
–strong army
• Weak leadership after Abbas led to the dynasty’s decline.

In its decline, religious orthodoxy (STRICT) increased—everyone MUST

be Shi’a; mandatory following of strict Muslim laws. (Women secluded,
etc)

1700’s Persia fell into Anarchy

 Life Under the Safavids:
• Role of Shah: Shia Muslims supported Savafid
rulers, therefore Shahs/rulers, declared Shia the
official religion

• Economy & Trade: the lands were locked by sea

power of Europeans to the South & land power
of Ottomans to the West; not very prosperous

• Culture: much like other cultures; flourishing of

the arts: silk and carpet weaving
 Grandeur of Moguls—
Part 3. P. 498 India has divided into a #
of Hindu and Muslim kingdoms; Moguls established a new dynasty &
brought unity

Rise of Moguls: They weren’t native to India. Founder-Babur-father Timur Lenk,

mother was a descendant of Genhgis Khan; his forces were smaller but her had
superior weapons.

Reign of Akbar: Babur’s grandson, Akbar, extended Mogul domain

(at age 14); used local officials to carry out his policies/collect taxes --zamindars

Decline of Moguls: growing domestic problems were ignored, rulers overspent.

Many leaders and division within led to the downfall.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nbuM0aJjVgE
 Life in Mogul Women: Upper class Mogul women were
India: allowed to won land, but the Mogul
practice of isolating women was adopted
Moguls were foreigners; Muslims
ruling a Hindu population= by Hindus. Suttee continued even though
complication Moguls tried to stop it, as did child
marriage.

Culture: Blend of Persian and Indian; Taj

Mahal in Agra

British: arrived in India in 1650—SPICES—

French followed & French & British fought;
British stayed