 “The act of preparing detailed work instructions to produce a

part”.

 Meaning of process planning :

a. A process is any part of an organization that takes inputs and

transformed them into outputs.

b. The value the process generates is the difference between what

the final product is worth to the customer and its initial value.

c. The objective of the process is to provide the maximum overall

value to the customer in the product.
 Process selection refers to the way an organization choose to produce
its goods or service.
 It takes into account selection of technology, capacity planning,
layout of facilities , and design of work systems.
 Process selection is a natural extension after selection of new products
and services.
1. Process by market orientation
2. Process as production systems
3. Process and customer involvement
I. Make to stock(MTS): The goods usually are standard,
mature products with few product cost and availability.
For example: breakfast cereals, milk, shirts, jeans, and
office desks.
II. Assemble to order(ATO): Assemble to order products are
standard items that are assembled from in-stock sub-
assemblies. This allows customers to specify a wide
range of option .
For example: many camera dealer can assemble any
configuration of a single lens reflex camera from a
basic body. The customers specifies the exact type of
lens desired, or the viewing systems, etc
 There are five major types of production systems that have been generally identified:
1. Project
Project manufacturing is an operation designed to produce large, expensive,
specialized products such as custom homes, defense weapons such as aircraft
carriers and submarines, and aerospace products such as passenger planes, and the
space shuttle.

2. Job shop
A job shop is a type of manufacturing process in which small batches of a variety of
custom products are made. In the job shop process flow, most of the products
produced require a unique set-up and sequencing of process steps.

3. Batch production
Batch production is a technique used in manufacturing, in which the object in
question is created stage by stage over a series of workstations, and
different batches of products are made. ... In the manufacture of inks and paints, a
technique called a colour-run is used.
 4. Assembly line
A line of factory workers and equipment along which a product being
assembled passes consecutively from operation to operation until completed.
Note: Assembly lines are found in many industries but are particularly
associated with automobile manufacturing.
5.Continuous flow
Continuous production is called a continuous process or
a continuous flow process because the materials, either dry bulk or
fluids that are being processed are continuously in motion, undergoing
chemical reactions or subject to mechanical or heat
treatment. Continuous processing is contrasted with
batch production.
I. Self service
II. Product selection
III. Partnerships
1. Drawing interpretation
2. Critical processing factors
3. Consult process tables
4. Identifying a process
 Introduction
 Growth
 Maturity
 Decline
i. Organizing process flows
ii. Relation of process design to types of process flows.
iii. Evaluation of the process design.
1. Project production systems
2. Job shop production systems
3. Batch production systems
4. Assembly line production systems
5. Continuous flow production systems
 There is a definite relationship between the production
process and process flow.
 For continuous manufacturing the methods and processes
must be determined before the line is set-up.
 Out of the objective in designing the process flow is to ensure that
goods and services are produced at minimum cost.
 Process design is a dynamic activity . Better tools and equipment are
constantly being developed.
 New material are being introduced and new uses for old material are
discovered.