Flow Sheet Diagram of Refinery

Process
Refinery Operation and Processes

Engr : Bharat Kumar Harani

Assistant Professor
Department of Petroleum & Gas Engineering
Dawood University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
Refinery Operation and Processes
 What Refining Means

To reduce to a pure state or to remove impurities.

To improve or perfect.

What is Crude oil

 Mixture of organic carbon chain molecules

 Impurities includes Sulphur and nitrogen.

 Some metals and salts too.

 Crude oil is multicomponent mixture of nearly hundred compounds

Petroleum Industry Segments
WHAT A REFINERY DOES
Refining Operation

Refining is carried out in three main steps;

 Step 1 Separation

 Step 2 Conversion

 Step 3 Purification
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Refining operations
Petroleum refining processes and operations can be separated into
five basic areas:
 Fractionation (distillation) Separation of crude into groups of HC
-Atmospheric distillation
- Vacuum distillation

 Conversion Processes change the size and/or structure of

hydrocarbon molecules. These processes include: :

Decomposition (dividing) by thermal and catalytic cracking;

Unification (combining) through alkylation and polymerization
Alteration (rearranging) with isomerization and catalytic reforming
 Treatment Processes to prepare hydrocarbon streams for additional
processing and to prepare finished products..

CHEE 2404: Industrial Chemistry

 Flow scheme of a modern refinery
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CHEE 2404: Industrial Chemistry