“I was born in Calamba on the 19th of June 1861

between eleven and twelve o’clock at night,

a few days before the full moon”
- Jose Rizal
 Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal
Mercado y Alonzo Realonda
 His father Francisco Mercado was a
descendant of Domingo Lam-co, a Chinese
immigrant.
 His great grandfather adopted the name
“Mercado” in compliance with the Decree of
Governor-General Narciso Claveria to adopt
new surnames for taxation purposes.
 His father Don Francisco lived in Biñan until
he married Doña Teodora Alonzo y Realonda.
 Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal
Mercado y Alonzo Realonda
 The Mercados leased farmland from its
Dominican owners and built a house made of
stone (bahay na bato).
 The family belonged to the leading citizens of
the town.
 As principales, they accommodated all visitors
including priests, Spanish officials, and the
guardia civil.
 Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal
Mercado y Alonzo Realonda
 June 19, 1861 in Calamba, Laguna, Doña
Teodora gave birth to the seventh child and the
second son, Jose Protacio Mercado.
 He was baptized at a Catholic Church of
Calamba, June 22, when he was only three (3)
days old, by a priest, Rev. Rufino Collantes.
 The name Jose was chosen by his mother
who was a devotee of the Christian Saint San
Jose (St. Joseph).
 Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal
Mercado y Alonzo Realonda
 Protacio, from the name of another saint,
Saint Protasius of Milan.
 Father Pedro Casanas- Rizal’s godfather,
native of Calamba and close friend of the Rizal
family.
 Family Background
 Father: Don Francisco Mercado (1818-1898)
- Was born in Biñan, Laguna on May 11, 1818
- Studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of
San Jose, Manila
- Was a hardworking and progressive farmer who
became well-to-do through industry and with
the assistance of his cultured and talented wife.
 Family Background
 Father: Don Francisco Mercado (1818-1898)
- Rizal affectionately called him “a model of
fathers”
- Died in Manila on January 5, 1898 at the age of
80, a year after the hero’s execution.
 Family Background
 Mother: Doña Teodora Alonzo y Realonda (1826-
1911)
- Was born in Manila on November 8, 1826
- A remarkable woman, possessing refined culture,
literary talent, business ability, and the fortitude of
Spartan women
- Educated at the College of Santa Rosa, a well-
known college for girls in the city
- Died in Manila on August 16, 1911 at the age of 85
 The union of Teodora
Alonzo y Realonda and
Francisco Mercado was
blessed with 11
children – two boys and
nine girls.

Don Francisco Mercado Rizal and Doña Teodora Alonzo Realonda

 Family Background
 Siblings:
 Saturnina- married Manuel T. Hidalgo of Tanauan,
Batangas
 Paciano- was a revolutionary general and retired to
farming; was influential in the formation of Rizal’s
nationalists view
 Narcisa- married Antonio Lopez who was a teacher
from Morong, Rizal
 Family Background
 Siblings:
 Olimpia- married Silvestre Ubaldo who was a
telegraph operator
 Lucia- married Mariano Herbosa of Calamba
 Maria- married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan,
Laguna
 Jose- married Josephine Bracken
 Family Background
 Siblings:
 Concepcion- died at the age of 3
 Josefa- was the women’s Katipunan chapter leader
 Trinidad- was a Katipunan member
 Soledad- married Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba
SATURNINA NARCISA

PACIANO OLIMPIA
LUCIA JOSE

MARIA CONCEPCION
(died at 3)
JOSEFA SOLEDAD
(unmarried)

TRINIDAD
(unmarried)
 At an early age Lolay taught Pepito how to read
as the family had a large collection of books
which led to love of reading and thirst for
knowledge.
 One of the memorable anecdotes between
Pepe and his mother was when Doña Lolay was
reading to him, El Amigo de los Niños (The
Childrens’ Friend)

THE STORY OF THE

MOTH
 THE STORY OF THE MOTH

Lolay noticed Pepito not paying attention for

Jose was attracted to a pair of moths circling the
flame of the oil lamp. The smaller got so
attracted to the flame that it flew too close, and
its wings got burned and died.
 Aside from his mother, Pepe’s three uncles also
contributed to the formation of the young mind
from thinking to physical development.

RIZAL’S UNCLES WHO HELP HIM A LOT IN

HIS DEVELOPMENT

GREGORIO – reading of books

JOSE – artistic ability
MANUEL – develop his frail body
 At a young age, Moy demonstrated a superior
intelligence, leading to hire tutors. Among them
were Lucas Padua and Leon Monroy.

3 NON – FORMAL TEACHERS OF RIZAL

MAESTRO CELESTINO – first private tutor

MAESTRO LUCAS PADUA – second private tutor
MAESTRO LEON MONROY – a classmate of Don Francisco
Mercado Rizal
- became Rizal’s tutor in Spanish and Latin
- he died 5 months later

Then after Leon Monroy’s death Rizal was sent to

Biñan
 His inclination to poetry ignited him to compose
his first nationalist poem entitled Sa Aking Mga
Kababata (To My Fellow Children) in which
some historians doubt the credibility or veracity
of the claim.
SORROWFUL YEARS
SORROWFUL YEARS

1. Death of his younger

sister Concepcion at the
age of 3.
SORROWFUL YEARS

2. An incident that carved an

indelible mark on Jose
Rizal’s mind, when Doña
Teodora was being accused
as an accomplice of trying to
poison his uncle’s wife.
INJUSTICE TO HERO’S MOTHER

His Uncle JOSE ALBERTO, after a business trip

in Europe returned and found out that his
WIFE abandoned their home and children. Jose
Alberto planned to divorce her, but with the
intervention of Jose’s mother, the pending
separation was averted. However, the
unfaithful wife connived with the lieutenant to
fabricate unfounded pieces of evidence that her
husband attempted to poison her with the help
of Doña Teodora. The case dragged on for two
years until it reached the Supreme Court.
SORROWFUL YEARS

3. Another remarkable
event in his early years
was during the February
17, 1872 when three
priests were executed.
MARTYRDOM OF GOMBURZA

The event awakened him that

years later, he dedicated his
book “EL FIIBUSTERISMO” to
the memory of MARIANO
GOMEZ, JOSE BURGOS, and
JACINTO ZAMORA who were
executed on the scaffold at
Bagumbayan where thousands of
people coming from Pampanga,
La Laguna, and Bulakan
witnessed the execution.
 JANUARY 20, 1872 – Cavite
mutiny marked the
beginning of a new stage in
the escalating unrest. It
started when RAFAEL DE
IZQUIERDO abolished the
privilege enjoyed by the
workers in the arsenal and
in the artillery barracks
and engineer corps of Fort
San Felipe in Cavite.
Although the mutiny was
suppressed in less than a
day and no other actions

CAVITE MUTINY followed, Izquierdo

proclaimed it as part of a
widespread conspiracy.
The Cavite Mutiny provided
the reason for the
conservatives to eliminate
liberals, took advantage of the
incident, and arrested several
known liberals. Among them
were JOSE MA. BASA,
ANTONIO REGIDOR, BALBINO
MAURICIO, and accused
FATHERS GOM-BUR-ZA of
being leaders of the mutiny
All three protested their
innocence to the end. The unjust
execution of Fathers Gom-Bur-Za,
accused of conspiracy of the
Cavite Mutiny and publicly
garroted on February 17, 1872,
opened the deep wounds. The
execution awakened the
nationalism of the Filipinos, yet
at the same time, they became
aware to the fact anyone or
anything threatening Spanish
superiority could be severely
dealt with.
The Cavite Mutiny would have
ended just like any other uprisings
in the past had the government
been less precipitate and had acted
more rationally. But in
condemning three priests, who
were innocent based on supporting
documents, it added a significance
which the officials in the
administration had not foreseen.
Rizal himself had written that, had
it not been for the events in Cavite
in 1872, he would have become a
Jesuit and would not have written
Noli Me Tangere.