CHAPTER 7.3.

21 Quality Assurance and Management

e
*addresses all matters related to product and service
quality

*Total Quality Management (TQM) principles

• Strict conformance with specifications
• Continuous improvement
• A focus on process
• Attention to customer needs
• Empowerment of people to implement
• Management support of its introduction and use
CHAPTER 7.3.22 Configuration Management (CM)

*a bookkeeping and control activity

*Subelements
Identification
Control
Auditing
Status Accounting
Traceability
CHAPTER 7.3.23 Specialty Engineering

*refers to a set of engineering topics that have to be

explored on some system engineering efforts

*Examples of special engineering areas

• Electronic Compatibility and Interference
• Safety
• Physical Security
• Computer Security
• Communications Security
• Demand forecasting
• Object-oriented design
• Value engineering
CHAPTER 7.3.24 Preplanned Product Improvement (P3I)

*considers the ways and means to enhance the system

beyond the scope of the current contractual arrangment

*Improvements include:
• Extending the range of radar system
• Decreasing the response time of a transaction
processing system
• Increasing the storage capability of a database
management system
• Adding Built-In Test Equipment (BITE)
• Increasing the speed of a network
CHAPTER 7.3.25 Training

*refers to the training of system operators and maintainers

*trainings must be designed and delivered in formal, well-

developed programs
CHAPTER 7.3.26 Production and Deployment

*the phase of a project during which one or more

installable systems are being produced for the customer.

*build-to-print = is a process in which a manufacturer

produces products, equipment or components according
to the customer's exact specifications
CHAPTER 7.3.27 Operations and Maintenance (O&M)

*the long period of time which the system is operational i

the field

*emphasizes on the continuous measurement of the

system's performance

*measurement's procedures range from simple manual

data sheets to automated sensors that record operational
status
CHAPTER 7.3.28 Operations Evaluations and Reengineering

*evaluates as to how well the system is performing over a

long period of time
CHAPTER 7.3.29 System Disposal

*once a system has come to the end of its usefulness, as

agreed upon by the users and sponsors, it is necessary to
dispose of it.
CHAPTER 7.3.30 Systems Engineering Management

*covers all the management activities that must be

considered by the CSE and the lead systems engineering
managers.

*includes the four basic functions of the project manager:

planning, organizing, directing and monitoring
SELECTED PROBLEM AREAS WITHIN THE ELEMENT OF
SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

1. Requirements unclear, incorrect, and/or creeping

2. Unrealistic schedule/cost constraints

3. Risks and their mitigation not seriously considered

4. Newly formed design/development team

5. Little project status monitoring

6. No well-defined design/development process

SELECTED PROBLEM AREAS WITHIN THE ELEMENT OF
SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

7. Poor system decomposition and work

assignments

8. Alternative architectures not considered

9. Ineffective performance measurement

10. INadequate communication skills

11. Late staffing and insufficient skill levels

12. Inadequate reserves and incentives

 Chapter 7.4

THE IMPORTANCE OF DOMAIN

KNOWLEDGE IN SYSTEMS
ENGINEERING
TECHNICAL DOMAIN OF THE SYSTEM

• An on-line transaction processing (OLTP)

information system
• A rapid-transit system
• An air defence radar system
• A missile system
• An aircraft
• A supercomputer
• An automobile
• A chemical processing plant
• A nuclear power plant