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Modeling and Analysis of Flow Behavior in Multiwell Bounded Reservoirs
Modeling and Analysis of Flow Behavior in Multiwell Bounded Reservoirs
Taufan Marhaendrajana
Ph.D. Candidate
Texas A&M University
Multiwell Solution
Accurate
Rigorous and robust
Very fast solution (can be run on a PC)
Validation
Homogeneous reservoir case
Heterogeneous reservoir case
Field Cases (Arun Gas Field, Indonesia)
Outline
Introduction
Objectives
Physical Model and Analytical Solution
Decline Type Curve Analysis
Field Application (Arun Field, Indonesia)
Conclusions
Recommendations for Extensions of This Work
Introduction
Production ofData
Current Multiwell
Modeling Analysis?
Models
Individual
Single
Well Performance?
Well
Rodriguez
Valko et Model
al and
(1998)
Cinco-Ley (1993)
(Well-by-well
et alanalysis)
– Pseudosteady-state
Camacho (1996) only
– Does
Is a single
Constant well model
not provide
pressure satis-
a only
mechanism
factory?
– for analyzing production
Pseudosteady-state only data
– Does not provide a mechanism
for analyzing production data
Bounded Reservoir
with Multiple Wells
Objectives
(0,0,0) xe
ye
ze
Assumptions:
Homogeneous, Closed Reservoir
Slightly Compressible Fluid
Fully Penetrating Wells
Well Pressure Solution (Convolution Form)
t DA
n well dp D,cr(t DA – )
i=1
q D,i()
d
d + q D,k(t DA) s k
k,i
0
i = well counter
k = well index (well location where pressure is evaluated)
Numerical Simulation Model (Base Case)
16000
[3,1] [3,2] [3,3]
Initial Pressure :5,000 psi
14000 Permeability :5 md
12000
Porosity :0.2
Y-Direction, ft
12000
14000
16000
2000
4000
6000
8000
0
0 0 0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 0 200 400 600 800 1000 0 200 400 600 800 1000
5000 5000 5000
4000
Well [2,1] 4000
Well [2,2] 4000
Well [2,3]
3000 3000 3000
0 0 0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 0 200 400 600 800 1000 0 200 400 600 800 1000
5000 5000 5000
4000
Well [3,1] 4000
Well [3,2] 4000
Well [3,3]
3000 3000 3000
0 0 0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 0 200 400 600 800 1000 0 200 400 600 800 1000
Time, Days
4 4
10 10 4
10
Well [1,1] Well [1,2] Well [1,3]
4 4 4
10 10 10
Time, Days
Analytical Solution Matches
Numerical Solution
Initial pwf
Oil Rate, STB/D
Variable pwf
Final pwf
Well [1,2]
Time, Days
Decline Type Curve Analysis
q k(t) 1
=
(p i – p wf ) t n well
1 1
Nc t q k(t) 0 i = 1
q i(t)dt + c(t)
Production Data
(Pressure & Rate) c(t) c(t)
includes:
becomes
Total Material
-Transient
constant flow
at long
Balance Time
-Reservoirtimes
shape
-Well location
Np,field
vs ttot = q
well
Original-Oil-in-Place
Type Curve Construction
(Multiwell System)
141.2B q
qDde = p ln (r eD/ D ) – 0.5
kh
k t tot 2
t Dde,b ar = 0.00633
c tA
ln (r eD/ D ) – 0.5
1
) , qDdeid
10
12 7 4
7 4
qDde, qDdei
12
28 18
Ddei, qDdeid
80 48
800 160
0
10 1x104
, qFunctions,
80 48 28 18 12 7 4 qDdei
160
800
(qDdeRate
-1
10
Dimensionless
-2
10
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2
10 10 10 10 10 10
Dimensionless Time, tDde
Dimensionless Total Material Balance Time, tDde,bar
Decline Type Curve Analysis Procedure
Log-log Plot
Model Data
(Dimensionless qwell/pwell
Variables) tbar,tot=Np,field/qwell
Match
Original Oil/Gas-In-Place (N or G)
Flow Capacity (kh)
All Curves Overlay Each Other
(Homogeneous Reservoir Example)
STB/D/psi
1
10
p) id,,STB/D/psi
(q/ p)i
0
(q/p)id is affected by (q/ p)
10
severe rate changes
i, (q/ p)id
(unlikely in practice)
(q/ p)id
(q/
(q/i,p)
-1
10
p)
Legend:
p,
q/p, q/(q/
1
Dimensionless Rate Functions, qDde, qDdei, qDdeid
10
12 7 4
7 4
Total material balance
12 functions align with
(qDde, qDdei, qDdeid)
28 18
80 48 correct solution
0
800 160
10 1x104
80 48 28 18 12 7 4
160
800
-1
10
eD//
rreD D =1x104
-2
10
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2
10 10 10 10 10 10
Dimensionless Total Material Balance Time, tDde
Dimensionless Material Balance Time, tDd,bar
or
Dimensionless
Dimensionless Total
Total Material
Material Balance
Balance Time,
Time, ttDde,bar
Dde,bar
Locally Homogeneous Reservoir Example
16000 Issues:
14000
Can we analyze
[ 20 mD ]
12000 multiwell performance?
Y-Direction, ft
12000
14000
16000
2000
4000
6000
8000
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
X-Direction, ft Permeability, mD
5000 5000 5000
Bottom Hole Flowing Pressure, psi 4000 Well [1,1] 4000 Well [1,2] 4000 Well [1,3]
3000 3000 3000
0 0 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000
0 0 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000
0 0 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000
Time, Days
5 5 5
10 10 10
4
Well [1,1] 4
Well [1,2] 4
Well [1,3]
10 10 10
3 3 3
10 10 10
2 2 2
10 10 10
0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000
Oil Rate, STB/D
5 5 5
10 10 10
3 3 3
10 10 10
2 2 2
10 10 10
0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000
5 5 5
10 10 10
3 3 3
10 10 10
2 2 2
10 10 10
0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000
Time, Days
All Curves Converge to A Single
Material Balance Trend
2
10
Decreasing Permeability
Material Balance
Trend
p, p,STB/D/psi
STB/D/psi
1
10
0
q/q/
10
Legend:
Well [1,1]; Well [2,1]; Well [3,1]
Well [1,2]; Well [2,2]; Well [3,2]
Well [1,3]; Well [2,3]; Well [3,3]
-1
10
0 1 2 3 4 5
10 10 10 10 10 10
Total Material Balance Time, tbar,e, Days
tbar,tot = Np,field/qwell, Days
Locally Homogeneous Reservoir Example
1
qDde, q)Ddei, qDdeid
10
Dimensionless Rate Functions
12 7 4
7 4 Well [1,1]; Well [2,1]; Well [3,1]
12 Well [1,2]; Well [2,2]; Well [3,2]
28 18 Well [1,3]; Well [2,3]; Well [3,3]
, qDdeid
80 48
800 160
0
10 1x104
Functions,
80 48 28 18 12 7 4
160
, qDdei
800
(qDdeRate
-1
10
Dimensionless
DD =1x104
eD//
rreD
-2
10
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2
10 10 10 10 10 10
Dimensionless Time, tDde
Dimensionless Total Material Balance Time, tDde,bar
16000 Well k, calc. k, input
14000
[3,1] [3,2] [3,3] (md) (md)
[ 20 mD ] [1,1] 22.7 25
12000
Y-Direction, ft
12000
14000
16000
2000
4000
6000
8000
0
[3,2] 14.2 15
X-Direction, ft [3,3] 18.9 20
300000 6000
Wellhead
Wellhead Pressure
Pressure
Wellhead
Rate,
250000 4000
Wellhead Pressure,
Stream) Rate,
200000 2000
Stream)
Pressure,
150000 0
Well
Gas
Gas Rate
Rate
Well
100000 -2000
Gas (Total
psi
Gas (Total
psi
50000 -4000
0 -6000
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
Time, Days
Time, Days
1
qDde, q)Ddei, qDdeid
10
Dimensionless Rate Functions
80 48 (q/pp)id
800 160
0
10 1x104
Functions,
80 48 28 18 12 7 4
160
, qDdei
800
(qDdeRate
-1
10
Dimensionless
Transition
eD// D =1x10
rreD 4
Boundary
Transient Flow Dominated
Flow
-2
10
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2
10 10 10 10 10 10
Dimensionless Time, tDde
Dimensionless Total Material Balance Time, tDde,bar
Well Performance Data: Arun Well A-016
Mscf/D Mscf/D
300000 6000
Wellhead
Wellhead Pressure
Pressure
Wellhead
Rate,
250000 4000
Wellhead Pressure,
Stream) Rate,
200000 2000
Stream)
Pressure,
150000 0
Well
Gas
Gas Rate
Rate
Well
100000 -2000
Gas (Total
psi
Gas (Total
psi
50000 -4000
0 -6000
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
Time, Days
Time, Days
1
qDdei, qDdeid
10
Dimensionless Rate Functions
80 48
, qDdeid
80 48 28 18 12 7 4
160
qDdei
800
(qDde,Rate
-1
10
Dimensionless
Transition
eD// D =1x10
rreD 4
Boundary
Transient Flow Dominated
Flow
-2
10
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2
10 10 10 10 10 10
Dimensionless Time, tDde
Dimensionless Total Material Balance Time, tDde,bar
Results of Multiwell Analysis at Arun Field
?
Production History: (As of November 1998)
Cumulative gas production (gross) = 21.3 TCF
Difference
Cumulative gas reinjected = 5.2 TCF
Net cumulative gas production = 21.3-5.2 = 16.1 TCF
Current monthly gas production = 50 BCF (0.6 TCF/yr)
All Cases Converge to A Single
Material Balance Trend (Arun Field Data)
3
10
Function, q/pp, Mscf/D/psi
Material BalanceTrend
for Arun Gas Field
2
10 (OGIP=19.8 TCF)
q/ p, STB/D/psi
1
10
Well Rate/Pressure-Drop
7
) , qDdeid
18
qDde, qDdei
48
Ddei, qDdeid
4160
0 1x10
10
, qFunctions,
48 18 7
160
Rate
4
r eD/ DD) = 1x10
reD/sqrt(
(qDde
-1
10
Dimensionless
Taufan Marhaendrajana
Ph.D. Candidate
Texas A&M University
16000 Issues:
14000 Effect of a randomly
12000 heterogeneous
Y-Direction, ft
10000
medium?
Accuracy of results?
8000
In-place volume
6000
kh-product
4000 Uniqueness/meaning
2000 of the analysis?
0
10000
12000
14000
16000
2000
4000
6000
8000
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
X-Direction, ft Permeability, mD
5000 5000 5000
Bottom Hole Flowing Pressure, psi 4000 Well [1,1] 4000 Well [1,2] 4000 Well [1,3]
3000 3000 3000
0 0 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000
0 0 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000
0 0 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000
Time, Days
4 4 4
10 10 10
3 2 3
10 10 10
0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000
Oil Rate, STB/D
4 4 4
10 10 10
3 2 2
10 10 10
0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000
4 4 4
10 10 10
2 2 3
10 10 10
0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000
Time, Days
All Curves Converge to a Single
Material Balance Trend
1
10
(q/ p)id, STB/D/psi
Material Balance
p)i,STB/D/psi
Trend
0
10
Decreasing Permeability
(q/p,
-1
10 Legend:
q/ p, q/
1
qDde,)qDdei, qDdeid
10
Dimensionless Rate Functions
12 7 4
Well [1,1]; Well [2,1]; Well [3,1]
7 4
12 Well [1,2]; Well [2,2]; Well [3,2]
28 18 Well [1,3]; Well [2,3]; Well [3,3]
80 48
, qDdeid
800 160
0
10 1x104
Functions,
80 48 28 18 12 7 4
160
qDdei
800
(qDde,Rate
-1
10
Dimensionless
eD//
rreD D =1x104
-2
10
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2
10 10 10 10 10 10
Dimensionless Time, tDde
Dimensionless Total Material Balance Time, tDde
Calculated Results
(Randomly Heterogeneous Reservoir)
Well k OOIP
(md) (MMSTB)
[1,1] 4.04 4,278
[1,2] 3.27 4,278
[1,3] 4.44 4,278
[2,1] 4.30 4,278
[2,2] 2.52 4,278
[2,3] 3.38 4,278
[3,1] 3.93 4,278
[3,2] 3.99 4,278
[3,3] 3.64 4,278
Observations:
Individual well performance
16000 appears to be "homogeneous"
14000 Computed in-place volume is
3.73 essentially exact
12000
Computes permeability
Y-Direction, ft
6000
4.10
4000 Results:
2000 Well k, calc. k, input
0 (md) (md)
10000
12000
14000
16000
2000
4000
6000
8000
0
Characteristics:
Exact
Very fast (2-3 seconds/100 points)
Well Pressure Solution
n – 1 Nwell
+ (q Di,m – qDi,m – 1) [pD,cr(tDA,n – tDA,m – 1)] ki
m=2 i=1
Nwell
– q
i=1
Di,n – 1 [pD,cr(tDA,n – tDA,n – 1)] ki
Nwell
+ q
i=1
Di,n [pD,cr(tDA,n – tDA,n – 1)] ki + qDk(tDA,n) sk