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Knowledge Creation and Knowledge Architecture
Knowledge Creation and Knowledge Architecture
AND KNOWLEDGE
ARCHITECTURE
CHAPTER 4
Chapter 4: Knowledge Creation and Knowledge Architecture
KNOWLEDGE CREATION
KM is not a technology; it is an activity
enabled by technology and produced by
people
An alternative way of creating knowledge is
via teamwork
A team compares job experience to job
outcome—translates experience into
knowledge
Such newly acquired knowledge is carried to
the next job
Maturation over time with a specific job turns
experience into expertise 2
Chapter 4: Knowledge Creation and Knowledge Architecture
Outcome is
realized
Team performs
a job Outcome
compared to
action
New knowledge
reusable by same
team on next job
New experience/
Knowledge knowledge gained
captured and
codified in a
form usable by
others
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Chapter 4: Knowledge Creation and Knowledge Architecture
Impediments to Knowledge
Sharing
Personality
Attitudebased on mutual trust
Vocational reinforcers
Work norms
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Chapter 4: Knowledge Creation and Knowledge Architecture
Impediments to knowledge
sharing
Compensation
Recognition
Ability utilization Personality
Organizational
Creativity
culture
Good work environment
Autonomy
Job security Vocational
Moral values reinforcers Knowledge
Advancement sharing
Variety
Achievement Attitude
Independence
Social status Company
strategies and
policies
Work Norms
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Chapter 4: Knowledge Creation and Knowledge Architecture
NONAKA’S MODEL
Tacit to tacit communication (socialization).
Experience among people in face-to-face
meetings
Tacit to explicit communication (externalization).
Articulation among people through dialog
Explicit to explicit communication (combination).
Best supported by technology
Explicit to tacit communication (internalization).
Taking explicit knowledge and deducing new
ideas. One significant goal of knowledge
management is to create technology to help the
users to derive tacit knowledge from explicit
knowledge.
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Chapter 4: Knowledge Creation and Knowledge Architecture
Nonaka’s Model
TACIT TO TACIT TACIT TO EXPLICIT
(SOCIALIZATION) (EXTERNALIZATION)
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Chapter 4: Knowledge Creation and Knowledge Architecture
KNOWLEDGE
ARCHITECTURE
Knowledge architecture can be regarded as a
prerequisite to knowledge sharing.
The infrastructure can be viewed as a
combination of people, content, and
technology.
These components are inseparable and
interdependent.
People Content
Technolog
y
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Chapter 4: Knowledge Creation and Knowledge Architecture
KNOWLEDGE
ARCHITECTURE
People core: Evaluate the existing
information/ documents which are used
by people, the applications needed by
them, the people they usually contact
for solutions, the associates they
collaborate with, the official emails they
send/receive, and the databases they
usually access
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Chapter 4: Knowledge Creation and Knowledge Architecture
KNOWLEDGE
ARCHITECTURE
Identifyknowledge centers
Activating knowledge content satellites
Assigning experts for each knowledge
center
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Chapter 4: Knowledge Creation and Knowledge Architecture
Customer
. Strategies Service
. Tools
.R&D Marketing
. Advertising . Complaint
rate
. Satisfaction
information
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Chapter 4: Knowledge Creation and Knowledge Architecture
KNOWLEDGE
ARCHITECTURE
The technical core: Enhance communication
as well as ensure effective knowledge sharing
The total technology (hardware, software,
and the specialized human resources)
required to operate the knowledge
environment
Accuracy, speed, reliability, security, and
integrity
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Chapter 4: Knowledge Creation and Knowledge Architecture
.....
Technical Layer of the KM System
1 User Interface
(Web browser software installed on each user’s PC)
Knowledge-enabling applications
4 (customized applications, skills directories, videoconferencing, decision support systems,
group decision support systems tools)
Transport
5 (e-mail, Internet/Web site, TCP/IP protocol to manage traffic flow)
Middleware
6 (specialized software for network management, security, etc.)
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Chapter 4: Knowledge Creation and Knowledge Architecture
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Chapter 4: Knowledge Creation and Knowledge Architecture
Cloud
Company employees
Suppliers
Vendors
PUBLIC Partners
AT LARGE Customers
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Chapter 4: Knowledge Creation and Knowledge Architecture
Features/Limitations of Firewalls
Protects against:
E-mail services known to be problems
Unauthorized interactive log-ins from outside
firm
Undesirable material coming in/leaving firm
Unauthorized sensitive info. leaving firm
Limitations include:
Attacks that do not go through the firewall
Weak security policies
Viruses on floppy disks
Traitors or disgruntled employees
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Chapter 4: Knowledge Creation and Knowledge Architecture
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Chapter 4: Knowledge Creation and Knowledge Architecture
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Chapter 4: Knowledge Creation and Knowledge Architecture
Expert Systems
Emulate the reasoning of a human expert in a
problem domain
Can help a person become wiser, not just
better informed
Components include:
Justifier: explains how and why an answer
is given
Inference engine: problem-solving
mechanism for reasoning and inferencing
Scheduler: coordinates and controls rule
processing
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Chapter 4: Knowledge Creation and Knowledge Architecture
Knowledge-Enabling Application
Layer (Layer 4)
Often referred to as value-added layer
Creates a competitive edge for the learning
organization
Provides knowledge bases, discussion
databases, sales force automation tools,
imaging tools, etc.
Ultimate goal: show how knowledge sharing
could improve the lot of employees
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Chapter 4: Knowledge Creation and Knowledge Architecture
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Chapter 4: Knowledge Creation and Knowledge Architecture
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Chapter 4: Knowledge Creation and Knowledge Architecture
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Chapter 4: Knowledge Creation and Knowledge Architecture
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Chapter 4: Knowledge Creation and Knowledge Architecture
CHAPTER 4