Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia

Zarah Jean Soria C11

Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia
Folic acid deficiency anemia happens when
your body does not get enough folic acid. Folic
acid is one of the B vitamins, and it helps your
body make new cells, including new red blood
cells. Your body needs red blood cells to carry
oxygen. If you don't have enough red blood
cells, you have anemia, which can make you
feel weak and tired. So it’s important that you
get enough folic acid every day.
Causes
You don't eat enough foods that contain folic acid.
These include citrus fruits, leafy green vegetables,
and fortified cereals.
You have a greater need for folic acid. This might
happen if you are pregnant or have some medical
problems, such as sickle cell disease.
Your body doesn't absorb enough folic acid. This
might happen if you drink too much alcohol or have
severe kidney problems that require blood-cleaning
procedures.
You take certain medicines , such as some used for
cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and seizures. Also
anticonvulsants and estrogens .
Pathophysiology
Alcoholism, malabsorption, pregnancy etc.

Body stores of folic acid

decrease.

Folic acid deficiency within 4

months.

Impaired DNA Impaired RBC

synthesis. development.
Produce enlarged RBC’s/
megablast (have shortened life
span).

Anemia
Signs & Symptoms
progressive fatigue Anorexia
shortness of breath Headache
heart palpitations Fainting
weakness Irritability
glossitis forgetfulness
(inflammation of the pallor
tongue) slight jaundice
nausea
Diagnostic Exam

Serum folate levels reflect recent changes

in folate intake whereas RBC folate
measures the folate stored in the body.
RBC folate is a more reliable test. These
tests are available through a standard blood
test.
High homocysteine levels may also reflect
low folate status but it may also be
indicative of vitamin B12 and vitamin B6
deficiency.
Medical Management
Folic acid supplementation (0.1 -0.5 mg
daily until blood profile improves).
Diet supplementation (include green leafy
vegetables, citrus fruits, yeast, liver and
other meat organs).
Vitamin C supplementation ( increases the
role of folic acid in promoting
erythroporesis.
Bone marrow transplant.
Nursing Management
Tell patient to:
 Avoid alcohol.
Have regular medical checkups during
pregnancy. Take prenatal vitamin
supplements, if they are prescribed.
Eat well. Include fresh vegetables, meat
and other animal proteins. Avoid fad diets.
Don't overcook food.
Stop smoking. Smoking increases vitamin
requirements.