Soap and Detergent

Manufacturing process of soap:

• There are two types of process:
• 1) The Batch process
• 2) The continuous process
• In Our Slide we will talk about The Continuous
process
The Continuous process:

• The raw fats and the catalyst, zinc oxide, are

blended and introduced to the bottom of the
hydrolyzer in which steam is passed for heating the
charge.
• The fatty acids are discharged from the top of the
hydrolyser, collected in a flash tank called decanter.
• From the bottom of the hydrolyser fatty acids are
passed to evaporators to crude glycerol.
• The fatty acids are led through a heat exchanger to
a high vaccum still and distilled.
• The distillate is then neutralised with Coastic Soda
to mixer neutralaizer.
• Then it is passed to a soap storage and soap
finishing continues.
• After finishing, we get soap, bar flakes etc.
• Then the bar flakes are passed to hot pressure
pump, which passes to heat exchanger.
• Then it passes to flakes tank removes steam and
goes freezer with air.
• When it is cooled, it goes to cutter which gives
shaped soap bar.
• Finally, the soap bar is stamped and wrapped
Fig: manufacturing process of
Soap by continuous process
Manufacturing process of
Detergent.
• Detergents use a synthetic surfactant in place of
the metal fatty acid salts used in soaps.
• They are made both in powder and liquid form, and
sold as laundry powders, hard surface
• cleansers, dish washing liquids, fabric conditioners
etc.
• Most detergents have soap in their
• mixture of ingredients, but it usually functions
more as a foam depressant than as a
• surfactant.
 Detergent powder manufacture
• Step 1 - Slurry making
•
• The solid and liquid raw ingredients (Table 2) are dropped
into a large tank known as a
• slurry mixer.
• As the ingredients are added the mixture heats up as a
result of two exothermic reactions.
• the hydration of sodium tripolyphosphate and the reaction
between caustic soda and linear alkylbenzenesulphonic
acid.
• The mixture is then further heated to 850 degree Celcius
and stirred until it forms a homogeneous slurry.
•
• Step 2 - Spray drying
*The slurry is deaerated in a vacuum chamber and
then separated by an atomiser into finely divided
droplets.
*These are sprayed into a column of air at 425
degree Celcius.
* where they dry instantaneously, The resultant
powder is known as 'base powder', and its exact
treatment from this point on depends on the
product being made.
• Step 3 - Post dosing
• Other ingredients are now added, and the air
blown through the mixture in a fluidiser to mix
• them into a homogeneous powder.
• Typical ingredients are listed in Table 3.