Naturalism is a philosophy that views human nature as inherently good, and sees society as corrupting individuals. It emphasizes allowing people to freely develop their natural impulses. Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a major philosopher of naturalism. He believed that nature itself contains and explains all existence, and that humans are governed by natural laws. Rousseau argued that people are good in their natural state, and that society corrupts human nature over time.
Naturalism is a philosophy that views human nature as inherently good, and sees society as corrupting individuals. It emphasizes allowing people to freely develop their natural impulses. Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a major philosopher of naturalism. He believed that nature itself contains and explains all existence, and that humans are governed by natural laws. Rousseau argued that people are good in their natural state, and that society corrupts human nature over time.
Naturalism is a philosophy that views human nature as inherently good, and sees society as corrupting individuals. It emphasizes allowing people to freely develop their natural impulses. Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a major philosopher of naturalism. He believed that nature itself contains and explains all existence, and that humans are governed by natural laws. Rousseau argued that people are good in their natural state, and that society corrupts human nature over time.
NATURALISM • It us a philosophy that emphasizes the preservation of natural goodness of an individual and the formation of society based upon the recognition of natural light. • It views that man, as he comes from nature is good but that he becomes evil through contact with society. • It also emphasizes the necessity for man to be free to develop his own natural impulses and to grow up in a society that which he could engage his activities in a natural manner. • Is a decidedly philosophical approach and an entrant in the grand debate about what is the true global view JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU • A swiss-born French philosopher of Naturalism, Nationalism, Romanticism, and the Enlightenment. • His mother died nine days after his birth due to complications from birth. • In 1712 his father who is failed watchmaker abandoned him to avoid imprisonment for fighting a duel. • His uncle put him in the care of Lombercils, a pastor Bossey near Geneva. • His experience of corporal punishment at the hands of the pastor’s sister was important in the formation of sexuality. • He became a secretary and companion to Madame Loise de Warrens who had a profound influence on Rousseau’s life and writing. NATURALIST Jean Jacques Rousseau Nature, itself, is a June 28, 1712-July 2, 1778 total system that contains and explains all existence including human beings and human nature. The whole universe is governed by laws of nature and they are changeable. Rousseau’s Philosophy His view that man is good in nature His ideas in education had profound conflicts with the doctrine of the influence on modern educational original sin which led to theory. condemnation of Emile by the The importance of expression rather Catholic authorities in Paris. than repression produces a well- His book Social Contract claims balanced free thinking children. that true followers of Jesus would His contribution to Philosophy, not make good citizens. Politics, Sociology, Religion, Arts and He questioned the assumption that Sciences had influenced the the majority is always correct. movement in Western Europe. He pointed out that the goal of Friedrich Frobel , John Heinrich government should be to secure Pestalozzi and other pioneers of freedom, equality, and justice for all modern philosophy and education within the state regardless of the had been greatly influenced o his majority. psychologically oriented method of child care. Principles of Naturalis o Nature is the ultimate reality. Man subordinates to nature. o Laws of nature are unchangeable and the entire universe is governed by it. o According to naturalists, science reveals the mysteries of nature and hence scientific knowledge is final. o The real world is the material. o Naturalism has no faith in soul or spirit. It does not believe in divinity. Human life is interpreted in terms of matter only. o A naturalist thinks that everything that comes to us from nature is good but it degenerates in the hands of man.
o Naturalists regard that in the natural order of
things all human beings are equal.
o Naturalism believes that senses are gateways of
knowledge
o Values are created in terms of specific needs.
o Man creates societies to meet some of its needs.
o All things originated from matter and will reduce to
matter. FORMS OF N ATURALISM PHYSICAL NATURALISTS
• Also known as the material naturalism, emphasis purely on
physical nature. • It believes only in reality of material objects and the laws of mass and motion • Man is the only one of the objects of physical nature • Children mass learn from their sensory experiences because the senses are the gateways of knowledge. BIOLOGICAL NATURALIST • Darwin and Lamarck are the greatest exponents of Biological Naturalist • It derives its data and first principles from the biological rather than the physical sciences. • It accepts man as the highest form of living organism in the evolutionary process. THE BASIC STANDPOINTS OF BIOLOGICAL NATURALISM ARE TWO: • Each creature has an urge to live and • He struggles to exist
• In the struggle for existence
those that are fit, survives, and those that are not, dies. The theory is best known as the “survival of the fittest” which was coined by Herbert Spencer.
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