Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Types of Optimization Models: Georgia Institute of Technology Systems Realization Laboratory
Types of Optimization Models: Georgia Institute of Technology Systems Realization Laboratory
Types of Optimization Models: Georgia Institute of Technology Systems Realization Laboratory
• Others exist
• What is missing?
Georgia Institute of Technology
Optimization in Engineering Design Systems Realization Laboratory
45
Goal Programming (GP)
Here are steps how to transform a “baseline model” into a “GP” model:
d = T i - A i(X)
d = di- - di+
if Ai(X) < Ti is true, then (di- > 0 AND di+ = 0) must be true;
if Ai(X) > Ti is true, then (di- = 0 AND di+ > 0) must be true;
1. To satisfy Ai(X) Ti, we must ensure that the deviation variable di+ is zero.
- The deviation variable di- is a measure of how far the performance of the actual design is from the
goal.
2. To satisfy Ai(X) Ti, the deviation variable di- must be made equal to zero.
- In this case, the degree of “overachievement” is indicated by the positive deviation variable di+.
3. To satisfy Ai(X) = Ti, both deviation variables, di- and di+ must be zero.
Question: How would this change if we only had a single d i that can be positive or negative?
Note: Other techniques exist, but right now we focus on the above two.
LEXICOGRAPHIC MINIMUM Given an ordered array f(i) = (f1, f2, ... , fn)
of nonnegative elements fk’s, the solution given by f(1) is preferred to f(2) iff
and all higher order elements (f1, …, fk-1) are equal. If no other solution is
preferred to f(1), then f(1) is the lexicographic minimum.
Examples?
• Given:
– Relevant information
Arguably, just
• Find: “another” multi-
objective optimization
– System variables model, but it is geared
– Deviation variables towards engineering
design.
• Satisfy:
– System constraints
– System goals Note use of different
• Minimize: “keywords” (given, find,
satisfy, minimize).
– Deviation function
w(r) w4(r)
w1(r) w3(r)
w2(r)
(L + U )/2.0
U
L
Z
r
P2 P3
P1 = 0.10 P 5 = 1.0
P4
Minimize
The kinetic energy (K) of the rotating disk is to be maximized,
f(P2, P3, P4) = -K
where f is the objective function.
Minimize
The weight (M) of the rotating disk is to be minimized,
f(P2, P3, P4) = M
where f is the objective function.