ASSIGNMENT PRESENTATION

15Y603 Metal joining

Peak temperature, Calculation of HAZ, Cooling rate
in welding
PRESENTED BY
BATCH 11
Haritha KR 15Y105
Lakshmikruthiga P 15Y208
Hariharasuthan A 16Y403
Santhosh kumar 15Y122
Mohan prasath 16Y435
Peak temperature

1
 Peak temperature
• Using the formula 1 we can determine:
• Peak temperature at specific locations in the
HAZ
• Width of the HAZ
• Effect of preheat on the width of the HAZ
 HAZ

• What is HAZ?
Distribution of structural areas of HAZ for low alloy steel
as a function of temperature, in relation to the iron-carbon
phase equilibrium
 Effects if HAZ
• Changes in microstructure
• residual stresses, material strength, oxidation
brittleness, resistance to corrosion and/or
cracking. As a result, many failures occur in the
HAZ
Causes?
• Thermal diffusivity………
 Calculation of HAZ
• Peak temp distribution.
• Estimating HAZ with eqn,
 Calculation of HAZ Width
• Welding of 5 mm (0.2 in.) Thick Low-Carbon Steels.

1 4.13 0.0044 5𝑌𝑧 1

= +
730 − 25 720 1510 − 25

Yz=5.9mm
Effect of Tempering Temperature on Quenched
and Tempered (Q&T) Steels
• If the plate had been quenched and then
tempered to 430 °C (810 °F), then Tp= 430℃
• YZ is increased to 14.2mm
Effect of Preheating Temperature on Q&T
Steels.
• Assume that the Q&T steel described above
was preheated to 200℃
• We get YZ is increased to 28.4mm
• 28.4 mm > 14.2 mm
Effect of Energy Input on Q&T Steels.
• Assume that the energy input into the Q&T
steel (without preheating) increases 50% (that
is, 1080 J/mm
• We get YZ = 21.3 mm
• 21.3 mm > 14.2, Therefore, increasing the
energy input will increase the value of YZ
 Calculation of cooling rate
• two different empirical equations are used for
calculating the cooling rate in HAZ.
• A thin plates and b) thick plates, depending upon the
thickness of plate and welding conditions.
• 1) number of passes required for completing the weld
• 2) relative plate thickness
 Calculation of cooling rate
• more logical second method based on relative
plate thickness criterion is commonly used.
• Relative plate thickness (τ) can be calculated
using following equation:
 Problem regarding cooling rate
• Welding of 6mm(0.24in) thick low carbon steel. The thermal
properties needed for heat flow analysis are assumed to be
Problem regarding cooling rate

The welding condition is assumed to be

solution
References:
• ASM Metals Handbook, Vol 6,"Welding
Brazing and Soldering", ASM International,
1993.
• Sindo Kou, “Welding Metallurgy”, John wiley
and sons, 2003.
• http://nptel.ac.in/welding/