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PAN African E-Network Project: Strategic Management Semester - 3 Session - 4
PAN African E-Network Project: Strategic Management Semester - 3 Session - 4
MFC
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
Semester – 3
Session - 4
• Introduction
• Strategic Choice- A Definition
• Process of Strategic Choice
• Subjective Factors in Strategic Choice
• Contingency Strategies
• Strategic Plan
Introduction
Organizations continually face the challenge
of exercising choice among alternatives.
Strategic choice is an inalienable part of the
decision making process. The process of
strategic choice is essentially a decision
making process.
STRATEGIC CHOICE
“The decision to select from among the grand
strategies considered, the strategy which
will best meet the enterprise’s objective. The
decision involves focusing on a few
alternatives considering the selection
factors, evaluating the alternatives against
these criteria and making the actual choice.”
- Prof. Azhar Kazmi
Process of strategic choice
Desired
performance
Performance
T1 T2
TIME
Strategic Alternative
External
Audit
Chapter 3
Internal
Audit
Chapter 4
Strategy Analysis & Choice
Strategy Analysis & Choice
“Strategic management is not a box of tricks or a
bundle of techniques. It is analytical thinking
and commitment of resources to action. But
quantification alone is not planning. Some of
the most important issues in strategic
management cannot be quantified at all.”
—Peter Drucker—
Strategy Analysis & Choice
—Bill Saporito—
Strategy Analysis & Choice
“Planning is often doomed before it ever
starts, either because too much is
expected of it or because not enough is
put into it.”
—T. J. Cartwright—
Strategy Analysis & Choice
External Internal
Competitive
Factor Factor
Profile
Evaluation Evaluation
Matrix
Matrix (EFE) Matrix (IFE)
Strategy-Formulation Analytical Framework
Quantitative Strategic
Planning Matrix
(QSPM)
Strategy Analysis & Choice
Threats SO WO
Opportunities Strategies Strategies
Weaknesses
Strengths ST WT
(TOWS)
Strategies Strategies
SO Strategies
Improving
Threats internal
Opportunities WO weaknesses by
Weaknesses Strategies taking
Strengths advantage of
(TOWS) external
opportunities
ST Strategies
Defensive tactics
Threats aimed at
Opportunities WT reducing
internal
Weaknesses Strategies
weaknesses and
Strengths avoiding
(TOWS) environmental
threats.
Strategy Analysis & Choice
The TOWS Matrix
CA IS
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 -1 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6
-2
-3
-4
-5
Defensive -6 Competitive
ES
Strategy Analysis & Choice
Boston Consulting Group Matrix
(BCG)
Medium
0
• Question Marks
• Stars
• Cash Cows
• Dogs
BCG EXAMPLE
Star (High growth and high market share)
Eg :Android, Apple IPhone 6
• Question Marks
Low
relative market share position yet
compete in high-growth industry.
Cash needs are high
Case generation is low
Decision to strengthen (intensive
strategies) or divest
Strategy Analysis & Choice
BCG Matrix
• Stars
High relative market share and high
industry growth rate.
Best long-run opportunities for growth and
profitability
Substantialinvestment to maintain or
strengthen dominant position
Integration strategies, intensive strategies, joint
ventures
Strategy Analysis & Choice
Strategic Position & Action Evaluation
Matrix (SPACE)
• Dogs
Low
relative market share position and
compete in slow or no market growth
Weak internal and external position
Decision to liquidate, divest, retrenchment
Strategy Analysis & Choice
• Quadrant I
Excellent strategic position
Concentration on current markets and products
Take risks aggressively when necessary
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