Acceptance Sampling

ACCEPTANCE
SAMPLING
Acceptance Sampling
• When inspection is for the purpose of acceptance or rejection of a

product, based on adherence to a standard, the type of inspection
procedure employed is usually called acceptance sampling.
• Generally, there are three approaches to lot sentencing:

(1) accept with no inspection;
(2) 100%; and
(3) acceptance sampling.
Source : Introduction to Statistical Quality Control (6th Edition) by Douglas C. Montgomery

Acceptance Sampling
• Acceptance sampling is most likely to be useful in the following situations:
1. When testing is destructive

2. When the cost of 100% inspection is extremely high
3. When 100% inspection is not technologically feasible or would require so much calendar
time that production scheduling would be seriously impacted
4. When there are many items to be inspected and the inspection error rate is sufficiently
high that 100% inspection might cause a higher percentage of defective units to be passed
than would occur with the use of a sampling plan
5. When the supplier has an excellent quality history, and some reduction in inspection
from 100% is desired, but the supplier’s process capability is sufficiently low as to make no
inspection an unsatisfactory alternative
6. When there are potentially serious product liability risks, and although the supplier’s
process is satisfactory, a program for continuously monitoring the product is necessary

Advantages and Disadvantages of Sampling
• When acceptance sampling is contrasted with 100% inspection, it has the

following advantages:
1. It is usually less expensive because there is less inspection.
2. There is less handling of the product, hence reduced damage.
3. It is applicable to destructive testing.
4. Fewer personnel are involved in inspection activities.
5. It often greatly reduces the amount of inspection error.
6. The rejection of entire lots as opposed to the simple return of defectives
often provides a stronger motivation to the supplier for quality
improvements.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Sampling
• Acceptance sampling also has several disadvantages, however. These

include the following:
1. There are risks of accepting “bad” lots and rejecting “good” lots.
2. Less information is usually generated about the product or about the
process that manufactured the product.
3. Acceptance sampling requires planning and documentation of the
acceptance-sampling procedure whereas 100% inspection does not.

Types of Sampling Plans
Single-Sampling Plan
Lot-sentencing procedure in which one sample of n units is selected at

random from the lot, and the disposition of the lot is determined based
on the information contained in that sample.

Single-Sampling Plan

Double-Sampling Plan
A procedure in which, under certain circumstances, a second sample is

required before the lot can be sentenced.

Double-Sampling Plan

Multiple-Sampling Plan
An extension of double-sampling in that more than two samples can

be required to sentence a lot

Sequential-Sampling Plan
• In sequential-sampling, we take a sequence of samples from the lot

and allow the number of samples to be determined entirely by the
results of the sampling process.
• In practice, sequential-sampling can theoretically continue
indefinitely, until the lot is inspected 100%.

Lot Formation
1. Lots should be homogeneous.

2. Larger lots are preferred over smaller ones.
3. Lots should be conformable to the materials-handling systems used
in both the supplier and consumer facilities.

Acceptance Sampling Procedure

Military Standard 105E (ANSI/ASQC Z1.4, ISO 2859)
• MIL STD 105E is the most widely used acceptance-sampling system

for attributes in the world today.
• The original version of the standard, MIL STD 105A, was issued in
1950. Since then, there have been four revisions; the latest version,
MIL STD 105E, was issued in 1989.
• For each type of sampling plan, a provision is made for either normal
inspection, tightened inspection, or reduced inspection.

• MIL STD 105E provides a procedure for switching to tightened and

reduced inspection whenever there is an indication that the supplier’s
quality has changed.
1. Normal to tightened.
2. Tightened to normal.
3. Normal to reduced.
4. Reduced to normal.
5. Discontinuance of inspection.


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ACCEPTANCE

• When inspection is for the purpose of acceptance or rejection of a

• Generally, there are three approaches to lot sentencing:

Source : Introduction to Statistical Quality Control (6th Edition) by Douglas C. Montgomery

1. When testing is destructive

Source : Introduction to Statistical Quality Control (6th Edition) by Douglas C. Montgomery

• When acceptance sampling is contrasted with 100% inspection, it has the

Source : Introduction to Statistical Quality Control (6th Edition) by Douglas C. Montgomery