LUBRICATING OIL SYSTEM

W20V34SG GEG CPL, BAWAL

1 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 LUBRICATING OIL SYSTEM

 Just like health of human body depends on blood circulation, Health of

Engine depends on circulation of lube oil in all parts:

 It Lubricates

1) Piston

2) Cylinder liner

3) All bearings

4) Gears

5) Cooling water & Lube oil pumps

6) Fuel injection pumps (Not in our case)

2 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 What is Health OIL
LUBRICATING and SYSTEM
Safety?
1.LUB OIL SUMP
2.LUB OIL PUMP / PRE LUB OIL PUMP
3.LUB OIL COOLER
4.LUB OIL FILTER
5.LUB OIL MAIN GALLERY
6.CAMSHAFT BEARINGS
7.ROCKER ARM
8.PUSH ROD
9.VALVE TAPPET
10.TURBO CHARGER
11.MAIN BEARING
12.CRANK SHAFT
13.CONNECTING ROD BIG END BEARING
14.CONNECTING ROD SMALL END BEARING
15.PISTON PIN
16.PISTON
17.LINER
18.SUMP

3 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 LUBRICATING OIL SYSTEM

4 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 Why OHSMS OIL SYSTEM
LUBRICATING
1. Centrifugal filter
2. Lubricating oil cooler
3. Lubricating oil automatic filter
4. Thermostatic valve
5. Intermediate gear wheel bearings
6. Rocker arms
7. Push rods
8. Valve tappets
9. Camshaft bearings
10. Crankshaft
11. Oil dipstick
12. Gudgeon pins
13. Piston
14. Lubricating oil to turbocharger
15. Non return valve
16. Lubricating oil pump
17. Prelubricating oil pump

5 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 LUBRICATING OIL SYSTEM

Types of Lubrication
Load
Load Load

Bearing

Hydro dynamic Boundary Hydro static

lubrication lubrication lubrication

6 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 LUBRICATING OIL SYSTEM

• The engine is provided with a lubricating oil pump directly driven by the
pump gear at the free end of the crank shaft
• The pump sucks oil from engine oil sump and forces it through the
following circuit
• Circuit-1
1-: Lubricating Oil Cooler which cool the lubricating oil
2-: Thermostat Valve which regulating the Oil temperature
3-: Lubricating Oil main filter
4-: Main distributing pipe in the oil sump
5-: Through the hydraulic Jacks to main Bearing
6-: From Main Bearing through bores in connecting rods to the
gudgeon pin and piston cooling space.
• Circuit-2
1-: Oil is lead through separate pipe to Camshaft bearing

7 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 LUBRICATING OIL SYSTEM

• Circuit-3
1-: Rocker arm Bearing and valve mechanism gear wheel bearing
• Circuit-4
1-: Part of the oil flows through a centrifugal filter back to the Engine Oil
sump
• Circuit-5
Turbocharger
Note : The Oil sump is provided with a level switch for automatic alarm
system

8 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 LUBRICATING OIL SYSTEM

Pre lube pump

The electrically driven lubricating pump is a screw type pump equipped with an
overflow valve. The pump is used for:
• Filling of the engine lubricating oil system before starting
• Continuous prepublication of stopped engine

Pressure controller valve

It is very imported to keep the correct pressure in order to provide efficient lubrication
of bearing and cooling of piston
• The pressure in distributing pipe line is regulated by a pressure control valve.
• The pressure can be adjusted by means of a Set Screw on control valve.
Note :
• Transducer is used for measurement of priming pressure , Alarm & Shut-down for
low lube oil pressure.
• The pressures can rise above the normal value when starting with cold oil but will
return to the normal when the oil is heated

9 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 LUBRICATING OIL SYSTEM

LUBRICATING OIL VOLUME IN THE ENGINE

ENGINE TYPE W20V34SG

APP. OIL VOLUME IN LITERS

WET SUMP 5200

OIL VOLUME BETWEEN
MAX. AND MIN. MARKS 6
In LITERS/ MM

10 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 LUBRICATING OIL SYSTEM

RECOMMENDED OPERATING DATA

11 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 LUBRICATING OIL SYSTEM

RECOMMENDED OPERATING DATA

GAUGE PRESSURES (Bar)
Lube oil before engine at a speed of 4.5 3(2)
600 rpm (10.0 r/s)
720 R 4.5-5.5 3.0(2.0)

OTHER PRESSURES (Bar)

Opening pressure of safety valve on 6-8
lube oil pump
Electronic alarm for high pressure drop 0.8-2.0 0.8(first) 2.0(second alarm)
over lube oil filter

12 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 GAS ENGINE LUBRICATING OIL ANALYSING AND QUALITY

FUNCTION
1. Reduce friction
2. Prevent metal to metal contact
3. Prevent corrosion
4. Act as a cooling media
5. Improve engine cleanliness
6. Act as a sealing media

Note : Deteriorated physical and Chemical property may significant affect on

the performance of lubricating oil in the above listed function, Resulting
• Decrease component service life
• Increase risk of failures

13 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 GAS ENGINE LUBRICATING OIL ANALYSING AND QULITY

PURPOSE OF ANALYSING

• Increase the availability & reliability of the Engine

• Avoid extraordinary wear and possible failure due to use of

inferior quality lubricating oil

14 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 GAS ENGINE LUBRICATING OIL ANALYSING AND QULITY

SUMMARY OF THE LUBRICATING OIL PROPERTIES

• Base number (BN)
• Viscosity
• Water
• Insoluble's
• Total Acid Number
• Oxidation and Nitration

15 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 GAS ENGINE LUBRICATING OIL ANALYSING AND QULITY

BASE NUMBER
The base Number is a measure of the alkalinity of the lubricating oil
expressed in mg KOH/g oil
For Gas operated engine it is recommended to use low ash gas engine
oils, with a BN of 4 - 7, For fresh Oils.
The minimum allowed BN level for gas engine is 50 % depletion from
fresh oil level.
Too low base Number level Increase the Risk of :
• Acidic Corrosion
• Engine wear
• Reduced component life time and thus increase the maintenance cost

16 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 GAS ENGINE LUBRICATING OIL ANALYSING AND QUNLITY

VISCOSITY
Viscosity is the property of a fluid that causes flow resistance

Viscosity of Oil is depend on :

• Temperature
• Pressure
• Shear rate
Viscosity is one of the most significant property for establishing
the thickness, Pressure, and Temperature of an Oil film in
lubricating Oil
Viscosity is also significant factor in predicting the performance
and fatigue life of Bearing & Gears

17 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 GAS ENGINE LUBRICATING OIL ANALYSING AND QULITY

VISCOSITY

• The official SI unit of kinematic viscosity is m2/s

• cSt (centistoke) is still commonly used
• 1 cSt = 10-6 m2/s (=1mm2/s)

Typical viscosity for a fresh SAE 40 grade lubricating oil is :

• 13.0 – 15.0 cSt at 100 °c

• 125 – 150 cSt at 40 °c

18 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 GAS ENGINE LUBRICATING OIL ANALYSING AND QULITY

VISCOSITY INDEX
• Viscosity Index (VI) is commonly used expression of an Oils
change of viscosity with temperature.
• The higher the viscosity index the smaller the relative change in
viscosity with temperature.
• Most gas engine oils have a VI between 90 and 110.

Typically the viscosity of lubricating oils could be expected to

increase gradually during operation, due to oxidation, Nitration
and polymerization of the lubricating oil compounds, increase of
solid contents in the oil etc.

19 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 GAS ENGINE LUBRICATING OIL ANALYSING AND QUALITY

Water
• Water in oil is damaging to lubrication, both physically and chemically.
• Water is slightly soluble in base oils and slightly more soluble in
formulated oils.
• Generally the solubility of water in lubricating oils is however, due to the
polar characteristics of the water molecule, low
• If increased amounts of water molecules are present the oil gets
saturated and free water appears.
• Hazy oil is most often a result of not dissolved water droplets.

20 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 GAS ENGINE LUBRICATING OIL ANALYSING AND QUALITY

Corrosion due to water

• Water corrodes many common terminological metals and may thus also
contribute to various forms of corrosive and cavitations damages on
Bearing
• Bearing consisting mostly of lead & Tin which are quite easily oxidized
in the presence of water and oxygen.
• Corrosion products may also contribute to the solid debris in the oil and
pit formation in the metal surfaces.
• The Indication of water contamination in lubricating oils may be
increased sodium and chlorine contents especially in the installation
using sea water for cooling.

21 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 GAS ENGINE LUBRICATING OIL ANALYSING AND QUALITY

Catalysis
• Water also catalysis Oil oxidation and acid formation
• It may react with or precipitate the oil additive compounds,the base oil
and with suspended contaminants.

Effects
• The effects of all these reactions are undesirable by-products such as
varnish, sludge, organic and inorganic acids, surface deposits and
lubricant thickening (polymerization).
• These reaction products also consume the oxidation inhibitors of the
lubricating oils

22 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 GAS ENGINE LUBRICATING OIL ANALYSING AND QUALITY

Crackle Test for water in oil

A drop of oil is placed onto a hot surface, if it crackles and sputters
too high quantities of water may be present in the oil.

Maximum allowed water content in the engine oil is 0.3 Vol-%( or

weight-%)

23 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 GAS ENGINE LUBRICATING OIL ANALYSING AND QUALITY

Insoluble's
• Hard solid partials for example shop debris such as welding or
grinding splatter( in new system)
• Sand clay etc.
• Earth materials and were fragments
If there size is close to the oil film thickness
• They may embed or abrade surfaces thus reducing component life
time
• Abrasion can be detected on a worn part by observation of parallel
scratches in the direction of sliding or by microchips and abrasive
partials presence in the used oil

24 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 GAS ENGINE LUBRICATING OIL ANALYSING AND QUALITY

Insoluble's
• Sami-solid contamination are generally oxidation and / or thermal
polymerization products,carbonaceous material, microorganisms
and oil/additive/water reaction productetc in lubricated system
and other small particulates contribute to sludge, which collects
and plungs pipes, pumps and orifices possibly resulting in too low
oil flow.
• If there are oxidation products present, they can be measured by
an increase in TAN pentane and toluene insoluble's, IR spectrums
and the amount of filter residue
• The maximum allowed insolubles level is 1.0 W-%(as n-pentane
insoluble's)

25 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 GAS ENGINE LUBRICATING OIL ANALYSING AND QUALITY

TOTAL ACID NUMBER

• TAN is generally used for industrial lubricants, such as turbine and
hydraulic oils, which are not detergent inhibited but can also be used for
example for engine oils
• TAN is a measure of the total amount of acidic species in the lubricant.
• It is observe that also in new oils there are some acid components
present.
• TAN for fresh oils is typically between 0.5 – 2.5 mg KOH/g and gradually
increase during operation, due to the oil being subjected to increased
temperatures, etc.
The maximum allowed TAN level increase is +2.5 mg KOH/g, from fresh oil
level

26 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 GAS ENGINE LUBRICATING OIL ANALYSING AND QUALITY

OXIDATION and NITRATION

• Oxidation and nitration are indicators of the ageing of the
lubricating oil compounds and molecules.
• They are measured with infrared spectroscopy and are together
with viscosity and BN one of the important measures of the Gas
engine oil service condition. The oxidation products are measured
at 5.9 um and nitration compounds at 6.1,6.4,7.9 and 11.8 um
wavelength.

• The Maximum allowed oxidation is 25 Abs/cm and the maximum

allowed nitration is 20 Abs/cm

27 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 GAS ENGINE LUBRICATING OIL Elements analysis

Elemental analysis
Elements are here divide in to three groups according to their origin.
1. Wear metals
The most common wear metals in lubricating oil analyses are
• Iron ( Fe) :- reflects mainly piston and cylinder liner were
Fresh oil may contain a small amount(<15 ppm) of iron originating from
transfer pipe line or tanks.
If the oil is not delivered as a bulk Note that iron may also be used as an
additive in some lubricating oil formulation.
• Chromium (Cr) :- Indicates mainly piston ring wear

• Lead (Pb) :- present in overlays of gudgeon pin, bearing bushings,

camshaft bearings, bearing bushing for camshaft end and thrust washer

28 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 GAS ENGINE LUBRICATING OIL Elements analysis

Copper (cu) :- Copper can enter in lubricating oil from

• Lubricating oil Pump bearings
• Bronze bearing of rocker arms
• Roller pins for tappets and gudgeon pin bearing bushing
If cu content is abnormally high( >10 – 15 ppm) one possible reason is
presence of exhaust gases in the inlet air
Tin (Sn) : -possible sources for tin are big end bearings, main bearings,
gudgeon pin bearing & Bushing, camshaft bearing, bearing bushing of
camshaft end and thrust washer.

29 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 GAS ENGINE LUBRICATING OIL Elements analysis

In the engine components there can be smaller amounts of

• Aluminum (Al)
• Molybdenum (Mo)
• Nickel (Ni)
• Antimony ( Sb)
Aluminum & Nickel may enter the lubricating oil from engine parts.

30 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 GAS ENGINE LUBRICATING OIL Elements analysis

2. External source elements

• Presence of sodium can indicate sea water leakage through central
cooler or water leakage in the closed cooling water system.
• The most commonly used cooling water additives are sodium nitrite
+sodium borate and sodium molybdate based products

31 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 GAS ENGINE LUBRICATING OIL Elements analysis

3. LUBRICATING OIL ADDITIVES

Calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), Zinc (Zn) are normally used in lubricating oil
additives packages.
• Calcium :- content is depending on the BN, the higher the BN the Higher the Ca
content.
• Phosphorus & Zinc contents are depending on the additive chemistry used in
each specific case and can very significantly
In most low ash lubricating oils used by wartsila medium-speed Gas engine
• The P content of the fresh oil is around 200 – 300 ppm
• The Zn content around 200 – 300 ppm
In used lubricating oils these values can be somewhat lower.
• Silicon (Si) : - is typically used as an antifoaming component in lubricating oils.

32 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 GAS ENGINE LUBRICATING OIL Elements analysis

33 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 GAS ENGINE LUBRICATING OIL Elements analysis

34 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author

 LUBRICATING OIL SYSTEM

35 © Wärtsilä 10 April 2018 Presentation name / Author