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Italian Grammar Review
Italian Grammar Review
When the noun is direct object (what? Whom?)> agrees with the
past participle.
• Hai parlato al dottore delle pillole di cui hai bisogno? (Ind. of what?-
prepositional phrase) No non ne ho parlato con lui.
• DIRECT OBJ Pronouns replace the D.O noun (this is
what a pronoun does…) IND.OBJ Pronouns Direct and
D.O pronouns
indirect pronouns have
mi ci
ti vi identical forms
EXCEPT for the third person
La (form)
lo (m) li (m)
la (f) le (f) Mi Ci
Ti Vi
• Before a coniugated verb
• In a two verb constructions with infinitive drop final
–e and attach pronoun to the end of the infinitive.
Le
• Dovere, Potere e Volere> Place the pronoun before
the conjugated verb or attach it to the infinitive
Gli (m) Gli (loro)
Le (f)
• DIRECT OBJ Pronouns replace the D.O
noun (this is what a pronoun does…)
• VIP When the DOP lo, la, li and
D.O pronouns le precede the verb in the PP
the past participle must agree
mi ci with the pronoun in gender
ti vi
La and number.
lo li
la le
• VIP Lo and La can be shortened
in l’ before
• Before a coniugated verb -verbs beginning with a vowel
• In a two verb constructions with sound and
infinitive drop final –e and attach -avere that begins h.
pronoun to the end of the infinitive.
• Dovere, Potere e Volere> Place the
pronoun before the conjugated verb or NOT plural LI and LE
attach it to the infinitive JUST LO and LA
IND OBJ IT IS DIFFERENT from the D.O.!
• IND OBJ Le and Gli never VIP When the DOP lo, la, li and le precede
elide before vowels the verb in the PP the past participle must
agree with the pronoun in gender and
(NESSUN APOSTROFO) number.
• Reflexive pronouns are the same as direct and indirect object pronuns in all but
the third person (si) form.
Reciprocal Reflexives and Reflexives in the
passato prossimo.
Always conjugate the
reflexive verbs, including
reciprocals, with ESSERE in
the passato prossimo.
● Imperfetto
● Passato prossimo
Durativa che si scontra
con una momentanea
Long duration>
Momentary