FLUID FLOW MEASUREMENT

INTRODUCTION
 FLUID FLOW IS UBIQUITOUS !!
 IT IS ESSENTIAL TO MEASURE FLOW PROPERTIES.
 MAJOR CATEGORIES OF FLUID FLOW
1. LAMINAR FLOW
2. TURBULENT FLOW
• MOST PRACTICAL FLOWS ARE TURBULENT . HENCE
EQUALLY IMPORTANT TO MEASURE TURBULENT
FLUCTUATIONS.
• MANY METHODS TO MEASURE FLOW VELOCITY
FOR EXAMPLE –PITOT TUBE
CHARACTERISTICS OF IDEAL INSTRUMENT
TO MEASURE VELOCITY FLUCTUATIONS
 GOOD SIGNAL SENSITIVITY : Measurable change in
output for small changes in velocity.
 HIGH FREQUENCY RESPONSE : to accurately follow
transients without any time lag .
 WIDE VELOCITY RANGE
 CREATE MINIMAL FLOW DISTURBANCE
 LOW COST
 HIGH ACCURACY
 EASY TO USE
HOT WIRE ANEMOMETER
 INTRUSIVE TECHNIQUE
 MEASUREMENT OF INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITIES
AND TEMPERATURE AT A POINT IN THE FLOW.
 HOT WIRE ANEMOMETER NECESSARY TO CARRY
OUT FUNDAMENTAL TURBULENT STUDIES.
 HOT WIRE ANEMOMETER IS AN IDEAL TOOL
FOR MEASUREMENT OF VELOCITY
FLUCTUATIONS IN TIME DOMAIN IN TURBULENT
FLOWS.
HOT WIRE ANEMOMETER
HOT WIRE ANEMOMETER
 USED TO MEASURE FLUID VELOCITY BY
MEASURING HEAT LOSS BY CONVECTION FROM A
VERY FINE WIRE WHICH IS EXPOSED TO FLUID
STREAM .
 THE WIRE IS ELECTRICALLY HEATED BY PASSING
AN ELECTRICAL CURRENT THROUGH IT.
 WHEN THE HEATED WIRE IS COOLED BY A FLUID
STREAM , ITS ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE
DECREASES.