AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF

SCHEDLING PROCEEDURE
AND
SETTLEMENT MECHANISM
UNDER ABT REGIME

T. SRINIVAS
MANAGER,SRLDC
BANGALORE
 LINKS

GIST OF CGS BRIEF OF ABT SCHEDULING

PROCEDURE

SETTLEMENT
UI
SYSTEM
 SOUTHERN REGIONAL GRID
▀ Central Generating Stations in the Region are
• Ramagundam Super Thermal Power Stn. : 2,600 MW (200x3 + 500x4)
• Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd. - II : 1,470 MW (210 x 7)
• Madras Atomic Power Station : 390 MW (170 x 1 + 220X1)
• Kaiga Atomic Power Station : 440 MW (220x2)
• NLC EXPANSION TPS 1 : 420 MW (210X2)
• TALCHER STAGE II : 2000 MW (500X4) situated
in ER

▀ Beneficiaries in southern Region are

. ANDHRA PRADESH
• KARNATAKA
• KERALA
• TAMIL NADU
• Union Territory of Pondicherry
• NLCMINES
• GOA has share of 100MW from RSTPS
 CONTROL AREAS
CS - 2
CS - 1 CS -3

REGIONAL GRID
RLDC
COORDINATES

SEB - A SEB -B SEB -C

STATE STATE CENTRAL

IPP GENR SHARE

SLDC
SEB’S GRID COORDINATES
DIRECTS

DISTR
DISTR DISTR
-B
-A -C
 AC TRANSMISSION NETWORK IN
SR

JEYPORE

SIMHADRI NTPC
8x4
RSTPP
400 KV LINE 1 P
GAZUWAKA(AP)
15x2
PRESENTLY VISAKHAPATNAM
OPERATED AT 220 KV HYDERABAD P
P KHAMMAM
(POWERGRID)
P

MMDP P

VIJAYAWADA
P
RAICHUR NAGARJUNASAGAR

Nagjhari
MUNIRABAD P
SSLMM
KODASAALY
P KURNOOL
KAIGA
N
SIRSI GOOTY
P CUDDAPAH
DAVANAGERE NELLORE
KADRA HIRIYUR
NELAMANGALA BANGALORE ALMATHI
P
P

HOODY KOLAR MADRAS

TALGUPPA HOSUR MAPS

SALEM P PONDICHERY
NEYVELI

UDUMALPET P
TRICHY
P
TRICHUR P

MADURAI

PALLOM

THIRNELVALI
KAYANKULAM
2x78
THIRUVANATHAPURAM KOODANKULAM
 TALCHER

BHADRAVATI
JEYPORE

SIMHADRI NTPC

RSTPP
P
KALPAKKA
KHAMMAM
GAZUWAKA
P
HYDERABAD P
(POWERGRID)
P

MMDP P

N’SAGAR VIJAYAWADA
RAICHUR P

KURNOOL
MUNIRABAD SSLMM
P

KAIGA N
SIRSI P

GOOTY
P CUDDAPAH
1000 MW HVDC BACK TO BACK LINK
GUTTUR NELLORE
HIRIYUR
TALGUPPA 2000 MW HVDC BIPOLE
NELAMANGALA
BANGALORE P
P MADRAS
KOLAR
HOODY
HOSUR 500 KV HVDC LINE

400 KV LINE POWERGRID

SALEM
NEYVELI
NEYVELI TPS – 1 (EXP) 400 KV LINE APTRANSCO

EXP
P 400 KV LINE KPTCL
UDUMALPET TRICHY
TRICHUR P

400 KV LINE OPERATED AT 220 KV

MADURAI THERMAL GENERATING STATION

400KV SUB-STATION

THIRUVANANTHAPURAM
 MAJOR GENERATORS FROM TALCHER (4 x 500MW)

SCATTERED ACROSS SR
MAJOR LOAD CENTRES SCATTERED ACROSS SR
LOAD 500-1500 MW

LOAD 200-500 MW

±500KV

KOLAR

- HYDRO

- THERMAL
GENERATORS ABOVE 1000 MW
- GAS / NAPTHA
GENERATORS 500 – 1000 MW
- NUCLEAR
GENERATORS BELOW 500 MW KUDAKULAM APP
2 x 1000MW BACK
CONVENTIONAL METHOD OF OPERATION

 SHARE BASED ON ACTUAL GENERATION:-

 DOES NOT REFLECT THE AVAILABILITY OF
ISGS –RATHER ITS EX-BUS GENERATION
 IS FIXED AND TIME INVARIANT
 INSENSITIVE TO CONSTRAINTS
 DOES NOT ALLOW FOCUSED CHANGES
 SUB OPTIMAL UTILIZATION OF
RESOURCES
 CONVENTIONAL METHOD OF ENERGY
ACCOUNTING

 PAYMENTS ARE MADE AS PER THE

DRAWALS
 OVER AND UNDER DRAWALS -
UNAVOIDABLE
 UNUTILISED RESOURCES ARE OFTEN
BILLED.
 INFLEXIBLE – BILATERALS, SHORT TERM
CONTRACTS – NOT ALLOWED
 ADVANTAGES OF SCHEDULING
 SCHEDULE REFLECTS BOTH –AVAILABILITY
OF ISGS & REQUIREMENT OF CONSTITUENT
 FLEXIBILITY
 TIME VARIANT - MIRRORS GRID
BEHAVIOUR
 SENSITIVE TO CONSTRAINTS
 FOCUSED – SCHEDULE IS NON GENERIC
 OPTIMAL UTILIZATION OF RESOURCES
 ECONOMIC OPERATION
 INDEPENDENT OF SETTLEMENT SYSTEM.
 CHAPTER-7
SCHEDULING & DESPATCHING CODE

Demarcation of Responsibilities

. Each Region is a loose power pool and each state is a notional Control Area.
(Decentralized Scheduling and Dispatch)

. RLDC can direct SLDCs/ISGSs in case of system contingencies, to change

drawal/injection and if time permits, RLDC will ascertain whether situation
has arisen due to
=> Deviations from schedule
=> Bilateral Exchange or Short Term Open Access

These can be terminated by RLDC.

. All joint/bilateral agreements to be filed with RLDC/REB Secretariat
. SEMs to be installed by CTU at all interconnection points for recording Actual
Interchanges and MVARh drawals.
. Regional Energy Accounting to be done by REB Sectt.based on metered and
processed data (Actual net injection of ISGS and actual net drawal of each
beneficiary) received from RLDC .
SRLDC/Comml/IEGC/33
 Settlement Systems*
. Accounting on weekly basis

. Capacity and Energy Charges billing on monthly basis

• Billing of adjustments for deviations on weekly basis

• RLDC to furnish data to REB Secretariat by Thursday noon for week ending
Sunday

. REB Secretariat to finalize and issue REA by Tuesday, for seven day period
ending on penultimate Sunday

. All data to be retained for 20 days (for RLDC & REB) for verification.

Commercial Mechanism *
Availability Based Tariff
( a) Capacity Charge
(b) Energy Charge
(c) Adjustment for Deviations
SRLDC/Comml/IEGC/34
 Scheduling Process

On Day-l
10 AM ISGSs advise foreseen plant-wise ex- . power plant MW, MWh *
capability for next day
11 AM RLDC advises SEBs their MW, MWh* shares in foreseen ISGSs'
availability
3 PM SLDCs furnish their ,time-wise MW requisition from the above,
and schedule of bilateral exchanges, if any
5 PM RLDC issues' despatch schedules' for ISGSs and 'net drawal
schedules' for SEBs, for each hour the next day starting at
midnight
10 PM SLDCs may inform any change of the above or bilateral
exchanges to RLDC, if required by any new development during
the day
11 PM Schedules frozen for the next day. RLDC Issues final drawal
schedules to each State & Despatch schedule to each ISGS
SRLDC/Comml/IEGC/41
 On Day 0
Time block t Any State may revise drawal schedule from
any/all ISGS Any ISGS may revise their
foreseen capability
Time block t+3 RLDC to issue revised ‘drawal schedules'
and despatch schedules

On Day + 1
.
RLDC to issue before-the- fact Capacity Declaration/Schedules
finally implemented by RLDC (Datum for accounting and working out
average ex-power plant capability).
SRLDC/Comml/IEGC/42
 Scheduling Process
Scheduling for the next day
• Every day by 10 AM, RLDC collects the foreseen plant-wise ex-power
plant MW capability of ISGSs for the next day

• By 11 AM, RLDC advises SEBs, on a 15 minutes blockwise level, their

entitled MW shares from each ISGSs’ availability

• By 3 PM, RLDC receives block-wise MW requisition from SLDCs and

also the schedule of bilateral exchanges, if any

• By 5 PM, RLDC issues ‘despatch schedules’ for ISGSs and ‘net drawal
schedules’ for SEBs, 15 minutes block-wise for the next day starting at
midnight.

• Upto 10 PM SLDCs may inform any change of the above or bilateral

exchanges to RLDC, if required by any new development during the day.

• At 11 PM Schedules are frozen for the next day. RLDC issues final drawal
schedules to each State & Despatch schedule to each ISGS.
 Scheduling Process

Any change of schedule for the current day

• In case of any forced outage of a unit, or in case of any transmission

bottleneck or in the interest of better system operation, RLDC may revise
the schedules. The revised schedules will become effective from the 4th time
block.

• ISGSs and/or SLDCs may also revise their schedules during a day. The
revised schedules will become effective from the 6th time block.
 REVISION OF SCHEDULES/REQUISITIONS

A) OUTAGE OF GENERATING UNIT

B) REVISED DECLARATION OF AVAILABILITY BY ISGS
C) OUTAGE OF A TRANSMISSION ELEMENT
D) UNFORESEEN LOAD-CRASH

TAKES EFFECT FROM

A) 4TH TIME BLOCK IN CASE OF

- FORCED OUTAGE OF A GENERATING UNIT
- TRANSMISSION CONSTRAINT
- GRID DISTURBANCE
- SUO MOTO BY RLDC

B) 6TH TIME BLOCK IN CASE OF

- REVISION OF DECLARED AVAILABILITY BY ISGS
- REVISION OF REQUISITIONS BY BENEFICIARIES
A new scheduling software in Visual Basic is
developed by SRLDC which has the following
advantages:

- Minimize data entry errors.

- Faster reconciliation of schedules
- Facilitate electronic data transfer
- Modularly structured, simple and practicable
SCHEDULING METHODOLOGY

The station-wise (Ex-bus) capability

would be submitted by the ISGSs in
the specified format. ISGSs would
declare the capability i.e. the MW
and MWH quantum in the absolute
values and not in the form of some
relative percentages or in any other
manner.
SCHEDULING METHODOLOGY

Based on the declared capability &

the allocations of different States /
Beneficiaries in different ISGSs, the
station wise entitlements would be
worked out and intimated to all the
States/Beneficiaries by SRLDC.
SCHEDULING METHODOLOGY

The requisitions would be submitted

by the States in the specified format.
The States would submit the
requisitions indicating the quantum
desired against the given
entitlement, and not the quantum
surrendered. The requisitions in
case of nuclear and run of the river
hydro stations would be equal to the
entitlements.
 SCHEDULING METHODOLOGY

The details of the despatch and drawal

schedules and Unrequisitioned, surpluses
shall be made by SRLDC and the information
would be exchanged through fax and/or
through FTP.
SCHEDULING METHODOLOGY
In the event of any unrequisitioned
surpluses, the Owner State ( the State to
which the share actually belongs and
pays the capacity charges) may find out a
suitable Buyer/ Willing State to take such
unrequisitioned surplus and/or the
Buyer/Willing State may contact the
Owner State for such exchange. The
agreed Short Term Open Access
Transactions be intimated / consented to
SRLDC by both the States for
incorporating in the final schedules.
SCHEDULING METHODOLOGY

Any unrequisitioned surpluses still

available, can be agreed for Short
Term Open Access Transactions
between the concerned ISGS and
one or more desiring States. The
agreed Short Term Open Access
Transactions from ISGS to a State be
intimated to SRLDC by both the
agencies (ISGS as well as States) for
incorporation in the final schedule.
SCHEDULING METHODOLOGY

During the current day in case the

Owner State requisitions back its
surrendered share, then the same is
withdrawn from the other State/
States to which it was allocated as
surplus energy and the schedules
are revised in line with the Grid
Code.
SCHEDULING METHODOLOGY

While making or revising their

declaration of capability the
generators shall ensure that the
declared capability during peak
hours is not less than during other
hours.
 SCHEDULING METHODOLOGY
While communicating the requisitions, the
States shall ensure that:

 maximum economy and efficiency in the

operation of the power system in the State
is achieved while requisitioning and /or
surrendering power from different ISGSs
vis-à-vis from their own stations.

 the requisitions are operationally

reasonable, particularly in terms of
ramping-up / ramping-down rates and ratio
between minimum and maximum
generation levels, and are in line with the
agreed philosophy in the region amongst
different agencies.
 SCHEDULING METHODOLOGY

In the event of despatch schedule in respect of a

particular ISGS, (as agreed between ISGS and
the State constituents in respect of thermal
units it would be taken as 70%) the changes in
requisition between two successive blocks is
higher than a ramp up/down quantum, then the
State/States due to which such anomaly is being
experienced would be requested by SRLDC to
change its/their requisition in that particular
ISGS, to make the schedule operationally
reasonable.
SCHEDULING METHODOLOGY

While issuing the final schedules, SRLDC

shall check that the schedules do not give
rise to any transmission constraints. In
case any imperssible constraints/
anomalies are foreseen, the RLDC shall
moderate the schedules to the required
extent , under intimation to the
concerned agencies.
SCHEDULING METHODOLOGY
During the periods of low demand in the region,
in spite of all efforts if the despatch schedule of
an ISGS(s) during certain blocks in the off-peak
period remains below the minimum agreed
value, and the concerned ISGS (s) is not able to
operate the units due to technical constraints,
then the concerned ISGS(s) may close down
some unit(s) in consultation with SRLDC and the
despatch schedule of the ISGS(s) shall be revised
accordingly. Under such a situation the net
drawal schedule of the beneficiary (ies) having
share in the ISGS(s), may get reduced during
peak hours also.
SCHEDULING METHODOLOGY

If at any point of time SRLDC

observes that there is need for
revision of schedules in the interest
of better system operation, it may
do so on its own and make it
effective in line with the grid code
provisions.
SCHEDULING METHODOLOGY

While entering into a bilateral

agreement, the concerned parties
shall ensure that the agreements are
clear and explicit and contains all
the relevant details which may be
necessary from scheduling and
computation of energy flow.

BACK
 Payment to Inter State Generating
Stations (ISGS) from beneficiaries under
Availability Based Tariff
(ABT)

 Capacity charges
 Energy charges
 Unscheduled Interchange (UI)
CAPACITY CHARGE

Capacity charge will be related to

‘availability’ of the generating
station and the percentage capacity
allocated to the state. ‘Availability’
for this purpose means the
readiness of the generating station
to deliver ex-bus output expressed
as a percentage of its rated ex-bus
output capability.
ENERGY CHARGE
Energy charges shall be worked out
on the basis of a paise per kwh rate
on ex-bus energy scheduled to be
sent out from the generating station
as per the following formula

Energy charges = Rate of energy

charges
(paise/kwh) x Scheduled
Generation (ex-bus MWh)
UNSCHEDULED INTERCHANGE (U I) :

 Variation in actual generation / drawal with

respect to scheduled generation / drawal
shall be accounted for through Unscheduled
Interchange (UI).

 UI for generating station shall be equal to

its total actual generation minus its
scheduled generation.

 UI for beneficiary shall be equal to its total

actual drawal minus its total scheduled
drawal.
UNSCHEDULED INTERCHANGE (U I) :

 UI shall be worked out for each 15

minute time block.
 Charges for all UI transactions shall be
based on average frequency of the
time block.
 UI rates shall be frequency dependent
and uniform throughout the country.
 UI RATE
650
600
Rate of Unscheduled Drawal/Injection
Below 49.0 Hz UI rate =570 p/u Frequency (Hz) Rate (p/u)
550
----------------->

Above 50.5 0
500
50.0 150
450
49.8 210
400
49.0 and below 570
350
300 At 49.8 Hz UI rate =210 p/u
250
UI rate

200
At 50.0 Hz UI rate =150
150
p/u
100 Above 50.5 Hz UI rate =0
50
p/u
0
48.9 49 49.1 49.2 49.3 49.4 49.5 49.6 49.7 49.8 49.9 50 50.1 50.2 50.3 50.4 50.5 50.6 50.7 50.8 50.9 51

Frequency ----------->
 AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF
(A) CAPACITY CHARGE
(B) ENERGY CHARGE
(C) ADJUSTMENT FOR DEVIATIONS
(U I CHARGE)
(A) = a function of the Ex-Bus MW availability of Power
Plant for the day declared before the day starts x
SEB’s % allocation from the plant
(B) = MWh for the day as per Ex-Bus drawal schedule for the
SEB finalised before the day starts x Energy charge
rate
(C) = Σ (Actual energy interchange in a 15 minute time block
– scheduled energy interchange for the time block) x
UI rate for the time block
TOTAL PAYMENT FOR THE DAY = (A) + (B) ± (C)
FEATURES :
 (A) and (B) do not depend on actual plant
generation / drawal. No metering required
for this as they are based on off-line figures.
All deviations taken care of by (C)

 No complication regarding deemed

generation.

 Perpetual incentive for maximizing

generation and reducing drawal during
deficit, but no incentive to over generate
during surplus. BACK
 UI IN SR (FROM 01/01/03 TO 04/12/05)

 TOTAL UI TURNOVER :- 10141 MU

 TOTAL UI AMOUNT DISBURSED:- 1933 CR

 AVG WEEKLY TRANSACTION:- 66 MU

 AVG WEEKLY UI AMOUNT DISBURSED:- 13 CR

Contd..
 SUMMARY OF UI – 153WKS
(FROM 01/JAN/03 TO 04/DEC/05)

AP KAR KER TN PONDY

Total UI
exported(-) /
Imported(+) in -4688 4734 679 1702 -199
MUs
Total amount
paid in Crores -899 862 117 448 -36
Rs.

Average rate of
UI in 192 182 173 263 183
paise/unit
Contd..
 OD UD AND UI RATES OF CONSTITUENTS
400
379
350
RATE (PAISE/UNIT)

300

250 234
200
200 182 184 179 185
2 4 2 149
150 4 1 2
2 9 7 3 3 6 5
100 6 1 3 8
6 1 1 7
M 4 6 1
50 6 MU 5 9
U M MU MU
MU MU M
0 U U
AP KAR KER TN
OVER DRAWAL (PURCHASE) UNDER DRAWAL (SOLD)
 Inter Regional Links
1650 MW
700 MW
1850 MW
900 MW
30,500 MW

2300

16,000
32,700 MW
1200 MW

1200MW
Present IR Capacity
34,500 MW
2000MW = 9,500 MW

Contd..
 INTER REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT LINKS
OF NATIONAL GRID

TALCHER KOLAR HVDC

PHASE-I
LINE
(By 2002)
LENGTH:100 KMS

NR
AURAIYA NER
500 500 BONGAIGAON
KOTLA MALANPUR MW MW BIRPARA
MALDA
SASARAM
SAHUPURI
DEHRI

UJJAIN
VINDHYACHAL
KORBA
ER
BUDHIPADAR

CHANDRAPUR
TALCHER

WR 1000
MW
BALIMELA
ORISSA)

500
KOLHAPUR
KOLHAPUR MW
U.SILERU
GAZUWAKA

EXISTING UNDER
CHIKKODI
BELGAUM CONST.
EXISTING

KOLAR 400 kV

(KARNATAKA) 220 kV
SR
LA

ANDAMA
NICOBA
HVDC STATION
KS
HA
DW

N
R
EE

&
P
 INTER REGIONAL EXCHANGES
350
IMPORT BY SR FROM WR IMPORT BY SR FROM ER
300 (668 MU) (805 MU)
265
RATE (PAISA/KWH) - >

250
221
200
150
150 138

100

50

0
SR RATE WR RATE SR RATE ER RATE
 INTER REGIONAL EXCHANGES

350 EXPORT BY SR TO WR EXPORT BY SR TO ER

(610 MU) (311 MU) 295
300 286
RATE (PAISA/KWH) ->

250

200
146 139
150

100

50

0
SR RATE WR RATE SR RATE ER RATE
 INTER-REGIONAL EXCHANGES DETAILS
UPTO 151 WKS (Till 20.11.05)

WR ER
Net Energy 57.5 MU 493.9MU
Transaction IMPORT BY IMPORT BY SR
SR
Amount Due to Rs. 79.7 Cr. Rs. 24.5 Cr.*
SR Constituents
Amount Credited Rs. 76.2 Cr. Rs. 24.5 Cr.
TO SR
Constituents
*from 06.09.04 (when ER exchanges computed @ respective frequencies)