ANALOGY

STEPS TO SOLVE

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What is it?
SIMILARITY or
COMPARABILITY

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Let’s try to solve
Choose the odd one out
Audi: Volkswagen
(a) Retailer : FMCG
(b) Tailor : Suit
(c) Grocery : Grocer
(d) Butcher : Venison

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How to solve?
Step 1
Find the relationship between words that form the
question pair
Audi : Volkswagen
Both are nouns
Relation
Product: Manufacturer

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How to solve?
Step 2
Analyze the links between the given pairs of
options
(a) Retailer : FMCG - > Seller: product
(b) Tailor : Suit -> Maker : Garment (product)
(c) Grocery : Grocer -> Good (product): Seller
(d) Butcher : Venison -> Meat retailer : Meat
(product)

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How to solve?
Step 3
Identify an opposite bridge if any for elimination

(a) , (b) and (d) form the bridge of

actor: product
So answer is (c)

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 Guidelines to solve analogies
Decide upon the relationship between first 2 words
State the relationship - car is to tire
because___________
Examine the third word – chair
Select a fourth word that will make the third-fourth
word have the same relationship as the first-second
word
Be ready to explain your fourth word selection
Car is to tire as chair is to ______.
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What types of links?
1. cause and effect
eg: rain : flood

2. degree of intensity
eg: warm : hot

3. part to whole
eg: island : archipelago

4. action: doer
eg: postponement : procrastinator
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What types of links?
5: synonym
eg: Old : aged

6. antonym
eg: Rich : poor

7. general association
eg: Flowers : vase

8. special associations
eg: Ten : decimal
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Action and Object A/O
Relationship:
Verb/Noun relationship. What is the action
on or toward an object?
Example:
Throw : Football
Climb : Mountain
Write : Essay

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Synonyms (S)
Relationship: Words that mean the same or
are very close in meaning.
Example:
Evil : Wicked
Copy : Immitate
Beautiful : Gorgeous
Cute : Adorable

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Antonyms (A)
Relationship: Words that mean the opposite
of each other.
Example:
Rich : Poor
Light : Dark
Over : Under

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Location (L)
Relationship:
Where you would find or look for something.
Or the most logical place you would find
something
Example:
Camel : Desert
Letter : Mailbox
Shark : Ocean
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Part and Whole (P/W)
Relationship:
One thing is a smaller part of a bigger whole.
Example:
Heel : Foot
Wheel : Bicycle
Fin : Fish

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Classification (C)
Relationship:
One thing that is an example of a larger
group.
Example:
Checkers : Game
Peaches : Fruit
Squash : Vegetable

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Function (F)
Relationship:
An object is used for a particular purpose.
You are using something to DO something.
Example:
Shovel : Dig
Helmet : Protect
Closet : Storage

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Cause and Effect C/E
Relationship:
One word results in or leads to a
corresponding consequence. One thing
leads to or causes another.
Example:
Honesty : Trust
Successful : Proud
Disruption : Detention
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Degree (D)
Relationship:
Greater or lesser amounts of intensities of
an action or description.
Example:
Chilly : Freezing
Tap : Push
Poke : Stab

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Characteristic Quality (C/Q)
Relationship:
A noun and a descriptive that you know to
be true of that noun.
Example:
Flamingo : Pink
Pillow : Soft
Giraffe : Tall

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Performer and Action (P/A)
Relationship:
A person or an animal and an action
associated with them.
Example:
Babies : Cry
Teacher : Instruct
Student : Learn

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Performer and Object (P/O)
Relationship:
A person or animal and some object that you
associate with that person or animal.
Example:
Juggler : Balls
Baker : Oven
Actor : Stage

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Let’s solve
PRACTICE EXERCISE

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1. SHELF : BOOKCASE

a. arm : leg
b. stage : curtain
c. bench : chair
d. key : piano
e. lamp : bulb
A shelf is a part of a bookcase; a key is a part of a
piano.

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2. FISH : SCHOOL

a. wolf : pack
b. tiger : jungle
c. herd : peacock
d. raven : school
e. dog : collie
A group of fish is called a school; a group of wolves is
called a pack

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3. SCALE : WEIGHT

a. yardstick : length
b. width : depth
c. length : width
d. size : area
e. mileage : speed
A scale measures weight; a yardstick measures length.

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4. WATERMELON : FRUIT

a. collar : leash
b. dog : companion
c. fish : bowl
d. Dalmatian : canine
e. apple : orange
Watermelon is a kind of fruit; Dalmatian is a kind of
canine.

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5. FOOT : SKATEBOARD
a. tire : automobile
b. lace : shoe
c. ounce : scale
d. walk : jump
e. pedal : bicycle
A foot propels a skateboard; a pedal propels a bicycle.

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6. STRETCH : EXTEND
a. tremble : roll
b. thirsty : drink
c. shake : tremble
d. stroll : run
e. stitch : tear
Stretch and extend are synonyms; shake and tremble
are synonyms.

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7. KANGAROO : MARSUPIAL

a. salmon : mollusk
b. zebra : horse
c. rhinoceros : pachyderm
d. beagle : feline
e. grasshopper : rodent
A kangaroo is a marsupial; a rhinoceros is a pachyderm.

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8. STARVING : HUNGRY
a. neat : thoughtful
b. towering : cringing
c. progressive : regressive
d. happy : crying
e. depressed : sad
Starving is an intensification of hungry; depressed is an
intensification of sad.

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9. DERMATOLOGIST : ACNE

a. psychologist : neurosis
b. child : pediatrician
c. ophthalmologist : fracture
d. oncologist : measles
e. allergies : orthopedist
A dermatologist treats acne; a psychologist treats a
neurosis.

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10. FRAME : PICTURE
a. display : museum
b. shelf : refrigerator
c. mechanic : electrician
d. nail : hammer
e. fence : backyard
A frame surrounds a picture; a fence surrounds a
backyard.

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11. SEARCH : FIND
a. sleep : wake
b. explore : discover
c. draw : paint
d. think : relate
e. walk : run
One searches in order to find; one explores in order to
discover.

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12. PHARMACY : DRUGS

a. mall : store
b. doctor : medicine
c. bakery : bread
d. supermarket : discount store
e. toys : games
A pharmacy sells drugs; a bakery sells bread.

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13. LAYER : TIER

a. section : segment
b. dais : speaker
c. curtain : stage
d. chapter : verse
e. cotton : bale
Layer and tier are synonyms; section and segment are
synonyms.

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14. METROPOLITAN : URBAN

a. bucolic : rural
b. sleepy : nocturnal
c. agricultural : cow
d. autumn : harvest
e. agrarian : generous
Metropolitan describes urban areas; bucolic describes
rural areas.

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15. TEACHER : SCHOOL

a. actor : role
b. mechanic : engine
c. jockey : horse
d. judge : courthouse
e. author : book
A teacher works in a school; a judge works in a
courthouse

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16. PERSIAN : CAT

a. alligator : crocodile
b. zebra : reptile
c. parakeet : bird
d. rat : marsupial
e. fly : bee
A Persian is a type of cat; a parakeet is a type of bird.

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17. RUN: JOG

a. trot : race
b. swim : dive
c. dance : ballet
d. juggle : bounce
e. rain : drizzle
To jog is to run slowly; to drizzle is to rain slowly.

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18. SKEIN : YARN

a. squeeze : lemon
b. fire : coal
c. ream : paper
d. tree : lumber
e. plow : acre
A skein is a quantity of yarn; a ream is a quantity of
paper.

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19. TAILOR : SUIT
a. scheme : agent
b. edit : manuscript
c. revise : writer
d. mention : opinion
e. implode : building
To tailor a suit is to alter it; to edit a manuscript is to
alter it.

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20. CONDUCTOR : ORCHESTRA

a. jockey : mount
b. thrasher : hay
c. driver : tractor
d. skipper : crew
e. painter : house
A conductor leads an orchestra; a skipper leads a crew.

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THANK YOU

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