Department of Technical Education

Andhra Pradesh
Name : M.Ranjaya
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Civil Engineering
Institute : S.S,Govt. Polytechnic, Zaheerabad,
Year/Semester :IV Semester
Subject : Construction Practice.
Subject Code : C406
Topic : Roofs and Floorings,
Duration : 50 min
Sub Topic : Roof functions
Teaching Aids : PPT, Animation, Figures etc
Revised by : GVVL Satyanarayana
9C406.28 1
Objective

On completion of this period, you will be able to

know

• Different types of sloped roofs

• Types of pitched roofs, and

• Sketches of some roofs

9C406.28 2
Recap

In previous period, we discussed

• Definitions of few components of a sloped roofs

• Different types of roofs

• Definition of a truss

• Component parts of a truss

9C406.28 3
 Types of rafters

The following are the types of rafters

• Principal rafter

• Common rafter

• Hip rafter

• Jack rafter, and

9C406.28 4
 Can you recall
what are the types of pitched roofs?

9C406.28 5
 Types of pitched roofs

Pitched roofs are mainly classified into three

categories.

1. Single roofs (suitable for spans up to of 4.8m),

2. Double or purlin roofs (suitable for spans more than 5.5m)

and

3. Trussed roofs (suitable for spans above 4.8m).

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 Single roofs.

Single roofs are further divided into following

categories.

a. Lean-to roof (suitable for spans up to of 2.4m),

a. Couple roof (suitable for spans up to 3.6m),

b. Couple-close roof (suitable for spans up to 4.2m),and

c. Collar beam roof (suitable for spans up to of 4.8m).

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 Lean-to roof.
Wall plate

Roof covering
Corbel stones
Battens

W.P

Common
Rafter

Main Wall
Verandah Wall

Fig-1

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 Couple roof.

Ridge tile Ridge piece

Roof covering
Purlin
Cleat
Battens
wall plate Common Rafter

Principal Rafter Eaves

board

Wall
Fig-2

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 Couple-close roof.

Ridge tile Ridge piece

Roof covering
Purlin
Cleat

Principal Rafter Battens

W.P
CommonRafter

Wall Tie

Fig-3 Eaves board

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 Collar beam roof.

Purlin Ridge piece

Cleat Roof covering

Battens

W.P
Collar beam

Eaves board
Principal Rafter CommonRafter

Wall
Fig-4

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 “Double or purlin roof” or
“Tie and collar roof”.
Roof covering Ridge piece

Purlin Battens

Common Rafter

Cleat
Collar beam
Purlin

Eaves board
Principal Rafter

W.P
Fig-5
Wall

9C406.28 12
 Trussed roofs

Following are the types of roof trusses

a) According to materials used

• Wooden trusses

• Steel trusses, and

• Combined trusses

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b) According to the shape.

• King- post truss

• Queen-post truss
• Combination of king-post and queen-post trusses
• Mansard truss
• Truncated truss
• Fan or Fink truss, and
• North-light roof truss

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 Components of trusses

The following are the three important components

of trusses.

• Rafters to support the roofing materials

• Purlin to provide intermediate support to the rafters, and

• Trusses or gable wall to support the ends of purlins

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Summary

In this period, you have learnt

• Types of rafters

• Types of pitched roofs

• Sketches of single roofs with their figures, and

• Sketch of double or purlin roof

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 Quiz

1) Principal rafter is to support ________

a) Purlin

b) Berge.

a) Common rafter

b) Cleat.
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2) Single roofs are suitable for spans up to ______?

a) Up to 6.2 m.

b) From 12 to 18m.

c) Up to 4.8m.

d) Above 4.8m.

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 3) For greater spans ____ roofs are suitable .

a) Double or purlin roof.

b) Trussed roof.

c) Single roof.

d) Collar-beam roof.

9C406.28 19
 Frequently asked Questions

1. State the different types of rafters

2. What are the different types of sloped roofs?

3. Draw a neat sketch of Lean-to roof and label the parts

4. State the different types of single roofs

5. Draw a neat sketch of collar-beam roof with its

components?

9C406.28 20