Augmented Reality

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Introduction
Augmented
reality (AR) is a term for
a live direct or indirect
view of a physical real-
world environment
whose elements
are augmented by
virtual computer-
generated imagery.

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Definition
Ronald Azuma's definition says that Augmented reality

combines real and virtual

is interactive in real time

is registered in 3D

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Miligram’s Reality - Virtuality
Continuum

Paul Miligram coined the term “Augmented Virtuality” to identify systems which
are mostly synthetic with some real world imagery added such as texture mapping
video onto virtual objects.

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What is Augmented Reality?
Reality is modified by a computer
Enhances one’s current perception of reality.
Superimposes graphics, audio and other sense
enhancements onto real time environments.
A technology that blurs the line between what's real
and what's computer-generated by enhancing what we
see, hear, feel and smell.

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How does it work?
It operates in real-time and in semantic context with
environmental elements.
Artificial information about the environment and the
objects in it can be stored and retrieved as an
information layer on top of the real world view.
Computer vision and object recognition, makes the
information about the surrounding real world of the
user interactive and digitally usable.

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Requirements:
An Augmented Reality System needs the following
components:
Scene Generator
Uses Mobile Computing Power
Display Device
HMDs are mostly used
Tracking and Sensing
GPS is normally used for tracking

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To merge the Real and the Virtual Worlds…
The following objectives need to be met,
Precise models
Locations and optical properties of the viewer (or
camera) and the display
Calibration of all devices
To combine all local coordinate systems centered on
the devices and the objects in the scene in a global
coordinate system

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Video Merging

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Comparison based on Concept:
Augmented Reality Virtual Reality

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Display Technologies:
The basic display technologies are,

Monitor Based
Head Mounted Displays
Mobile Phone Displays

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Monitor Based AR
It’s the Simplest to
implement
Lacks the immersion to
the environment
provided by HMD based
AR systems.

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Monitor Based AR

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Augmented Reality using HMDs
Similar to Head-Up Displays (HUDs) commonly used
in military aircraft.
Can see through the display even if the power is
turned off.
The see-through HMD does not shut off the user’s
normal field-of-view
HMDs provide a Wide field of view

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Augmented Reality using HMDs

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AR in Mobile Phones
Applications are available on the market for the
iPhone and Android Phones which implement AR.
The recent crop of High end Smart phones have the
suitable hardware requirements for AR based
applications
Examples of such applications include
LAYAR
YELP
WIKITUDE

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LAYAR: The AR Browser
LAYAR is a web browser
which uses Augmented
Reality Technology
It uses the following
components:
GPS
Compass
In-built Camera

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More Applications:

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Applications of AR:
Education
Medical
Military
Manufacturing Maintenance and Repair
Entertainment

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Education
AR takes advantage of
the limitations offered
by other visual means of
communication for
learning
Allows students to
understand spatially
related content without
relying on 2D Diagrams.

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Medical
Using pre operative
imaging studies (like
MRI, CT Scan etc.) a
Visualization of the path
through the anatomy to
the affected area can be
recreated .
From this a Surgery can
be planned more
accurately.

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Military
By equipping military
personnel with helmet
mounted visor displays
the activities of other
units can be imaged
In war time, the display of
the real battlefield scene
could be augmented with
annotation information or
highlighting to emphasize
hidden enemy units.
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Military
Soldiers will be able to communicate with a massive
"home base" server that collects and renders 3D
information onto the wearer's goggles in real time

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Maintenance and Repair
When the maintenance technician approaches a new or
unfamiliar piece of equipment instead of opening several
repair manuals they could put on an augmented reality display

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Limitations of AR
 GPS is only accurate to within 30 feet (9 meters) and
doesn't work as well indoors
Most cell phone screens are too small for immersive
AR applications
Privacy concerns
The “Crack Berry” Phenomenon

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AR as a Sixth Sense…
The most recent innovation in AR is a technology called
Sixth Sense developed Pranav Mistry, MIT Media Labs.
Instead of HMDs, it projects the information onto the
Environment surrounding the user.
The system operates using simple off the shelf
components like,
Camera
Small Projector
Mirrors
Smart Phone

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The Future is Sixth Sense

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Question Hour

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