THEORIES OF

MOTIVATION
 What is motivation ?
 “Set me anything to do as a task and it is
inconceivable the desire I have to do
something else” -G.B. Shaw
 “Motivation is getting people to what you
want them to do because they want to do it.”
- Dwight D. Eisenhower
 TYPES OF THEORIES OF
MOTIVATION
 MASLOW’S THEORY

 HERZBERG’S THEORY

 VICTOR VROOMS THEORY

 MASLOW’S THEORY
 Physiological needs : This drivers are
directly concerned with the biological
maintanance of the organism and
motivated by higher order needs , the
needs for food, drink, oxygen, sleep, sex
etc .
 Safety needs: It means security of an
individual , security needs in the
organizational context correlate to such
factors as of security salary increases safe
working condition unionization and
lobbing for protective legislation.
 Social needs: An individual motivated on
this level longs for affectionate
relationship with others namely for a
place in his or her family and or reference
groups.
 Self Esteem needs: This needs generate
feeling and attitudes of self confidence
worth strength capability and being useful
and necessary in the world.
 Self Actualization needs: As the desire to
become everything that one is capable of
becoming in other words , to self-
actualize is to become the total kind of
person thay one wants to become to reach
the peak of potential .
 HERZBERG’S THEORY
 Frederick herzberg’s motivation hygiene
theory his theory is also know as two factor
theory or hygiene theory . He started that there
are certain satisfiers and dissatisfiers for
employees at work in trinsic factors are related
to job satisfaction while extrinsic factors are
associated with dissatisfaction.
Hygiene: job dissatisfaction Motivators: job satisfaction
Achievement
Recognition of achievement
Work itself
Responsibility
Advancement
Growth
Company policy and
administration
Supervision
Interpersonal relation
Working condition
Salary
Status
Security
 Traditional Theory

Satisfaction Dissatisfaction
Herzberg’s Theory
Maintenance factors

No dissatisfaction Dissatisfaction
Motivators

Satisfaction No dissatisfaction
 Vroom’s Valence x Expectancy
theory :-
 The most widely accepted an explanation of motivation has
been propounded by Victor Vroom. His theory is commonly
known as expectancy theory. The theory argues that the
strength of a tendency to act in a specific way depends on the
strength of an expectation that the act will be followed by a
given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the
individual to make this simple, expectancy theory says that an
employee can be motivated to perform better when their is a
belief that the better performance will lead to good
performance appraisal and that this shall result into realization
of personal goal in form of some reward. Therefore an
employee is :
 Motivation = Valence x Expectancy.