DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF SPUR

GEAR BY USING PALM

FIBER,ALUMINIUM POWDER WITH
EPOXY
 ABSTRACT
• Hybrid Composite material have evoked a keen interest in
recent times for potential applications in aerospace and
automotive industries owing to their superior strength to
weight ratio and temperature resistance. The widespread
adoption of particulate metal matrix composites for
engineering applications has been hindered by the high cost
of producing components.
• Achieving a uniform distribution of reinforcement within
the matrix is one such challenge, which affects directly on
the properties and quality of composite material.
• This paper discuss the Spur Gear model made by palm
fibre and aluminium powder with epoxy composite
material and to evaluate the tensile, Hardness, wear
Strength of the Composite Material.
 INTRODUCTION
• Natural fiber is a type of renewable sources and a new generation of
reinforcements and supplements for polymer based materials. The
development of natural fiber composite materials or
environmentally friendly composites has been a hot topic recently
due to the increasing environmental awareness. Natural fibers are
one such proficient material which replaces the synthetic materials
and its related products for the less weight and energy conservation
applications. The application of natural fiber reinforced polymer
composites and natural-based resins for replacing existing synthetic
polymer or glass fiber reinforced materials in huge. Automotive and
aircrafts industries have been actively developing different kinds of
natural fibers, mainly on hemp, flax and sisal and bio resins systems
for their interior components. High specific properties with lower
prices of natural fibercomposites are making it attractive for various
applications
PROCESS FLOW
SPUR GEAR
 PALM FIBER
• Palm tress are spread across all over India and related
countries, with planting area about large hectares. Each year,
after the flowering season, most of the palm leaves and fruits
are degraded naturally, which result in a waste of resource.
Natural cellulose fibers produce from renewable plant
resources, especially from crop residues can help to mitigate
energy and environmental issues. There are a lot of fibers
between palm leaves and other branches, be easily to be
obtained. And it is renewable, biodegradable, abundant in
resources, more comfortable and skin-friendly than synthetic
fiber .
PALM FIBER
 PROPERTIES OF PALM FIBER
PROPERTIES VALUE

Density 1.2-1.3 g/cm³

Tensile strength 220-240 MPa

Young’s modulus 2.5-5.40 GPa

Elongation 2-4.50 %
ALUMINIUM POWDER
PROPERTIES OF ALUMINIUM POWDER
S.NO STANDARDS VALUE UNITS
1 Density 2.8 Kg/cm^3
2 Young's modulus 70 GPa
3 Tensile strength 150-680 N/mm^2
EPOXY
 EPOXY RESIN – INTRODUCTION
• Epoxy resin belongs to the principal polymer under the
term thermosetting resins, which covers a wide range of
cross-linking polymers including unsaturated polyester
resins, phenol-formaldehyde resins, and amino resins.
Thermosetting polymers form an infusible and insoluble
mass on heating, due to the formation of a covalently
cross-linked and thermally stable network structure. They
are generally amorphous and possess various desirable
properties such as high tensile strength and modulus, easy
processing, good thermal and chemical resistance, and
dimensional stability. The term epoxy resin is applied to
both prepolymers and to cured resins; the former is
characterized by a three-membered ring known as the
epoxy, epoxide, oxirane, or ethoxyline group
 EFFECT OF EPOXY
• Epoxy resins are a family of thermo set plastic
materials which do not give off reaction
products when they cure and so have low cure
shrinkage.
• They also have good adhesion to other
materials.
• Environmental resistance.
• Good chemical properties and good insulating
properties.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF PALM FIBER
• It is highly strong fiber.
• It is light weight
• tough and durable
• unaffected by moisture and dampness
 DIE MAKING
• The tooling involved in plastic molding is quite
similar to that of stamping dies. The principal
difference is that stamping requires force, while
molding does not. In plastic molding, two units
are required whose design is such that, when
brought together, they make up a system of closed
cavities linked to a central orifice. Liquid plastic
is forced through the orifice and into the cavities,
or molds, and when the plastic solidifies, the
molds open and the finished parts are ejected.
 APPLICATIONS
• AUTOMOBILE COMPONENTS
• INDUSTRIES
 EXISTING APPLICATIONS

• Automobile parts such as rear view mirror, visor in two

wheeler, billion seat cover, indicator cover, cover L-side, name
plate were fabricated using sisal and roselle fibers hybrid
composites
• decks, docks, window frames and molded panel components
 TESTS ARE INVOLVING
• TENSILE TEST
• HARDNESS TEST
• WEAR TEST
 ADVANTAGES OF FIBER COMPOSITES
• As molded dimensional accuracy. Tight tolerance,
repeatable moldings.
• Chemical Resistance.
• Consolidated Parts and Function.
• Corrosion Resistance.
• Design Flexibility.
• Durable.
• High Flexural Modulus to Carry Demanding
Loads. High Impact Strength.
• High Performance at Elevated Temperatures.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
• M.Sakthive [6] mentioned that, the natural fibers have additional advantages
when compared to the synthetic conventional fibers; they are renewable raw
materials and have relatively high strength, low density, and low specific mass. The
natural fibers can be grown easily in tropical countries.
• Tara Sen stressed the use of locally available materials for sustainable
development [7] . Besides improving the strength of the 30 structure using
FRPs as the raw material, it is also necessary to make use of local materials
in construction. So far the construction work, retrofitting of structures is
confined to using of carbon, glass or aramid fibres etc, very little work is
being imparted in improving structures using naturally available materials,
or natural fibres.
 REFERENCE
• The Wealth of India. “A Dictionary of Indian RawMaterial and Industrial
Products”, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Volume-III. 2004.
78; New Delhi.
• Iñiguez, C.G., Lange, E.S. and Rowell, M.R. (2001) Utilization of by Products
from the Tequila Industry: Part 1:
• M. Saxena , R.K Morchhale, P.Asokan, B.K. Prasad,”
• Plant Fiber – Industrial Waste Reinforced PolymerComposites As A
Potential Wood Substitute Material”,Journal of Composite Materials,
2008, Volume 42,Issue 4, pp 367 - 384.
• Du, Y., Yan, N., & Kortschot, M. T. (2013). An experimental study of creep
behavior oflightweight natural fiber-reinforced polymer
composite/honeycomb core sandwich panels.Composite Structures, 106,
160–166.