LOAD FLOW STUDY

Newton Raphson
Newton Raphson Load flow
Method
 A method of successive approximation
using Taylor’s expansion
 Consider the function: f(x) = c, where x is
unknown
 Let x [0] be an initial estimate, then x [0] is a small
deviation from the correct solution
f (x [0] +  x [0] )= c
 Expand the left-hand side into a Taylor’s
series about x [0] yeilds :-

 Assuming the error, x [0] , is small, the

higher-order terms are neglected, resulting in
Example
 Find the root of the equation:
f(x) = x3 - 6x2 + 9x - 4 = 0
Power flow equations
Pk=  | Ykj| | Vk|| Vj|cos (k - j - kj )

Qk=  | Ykj| | Vk|| Vj|sin (k - j - kj )

The Jacobian Matrix

 P/ |V| =
 P/  =
 Q/ |V| =
 Q/  =
Exercise
 Formation of Y matrix
 Formation of Jacobian matrix