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    Samsul Ode
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    This document discusses the public policy cycle which includes 5 stages: [1] agenda setting, [2] policy formulation, [3] decision making, [4] implementation, and [5] evaluation. It notes that each stage involves political conflicts between groups and institutions as problems are defined, solutions are considered, decisions are made, policies are executed, and impacts are assessed. Critics argue that the idealized linear policy cycle model does not accurately capture the complex realities of the policy process in practice, as stages are not always sequential and political pressures often influence outcomes more than rational problem-solving.

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    This document discusses the public policy cycle which includes 5 stages: [1] agenda setting, [2] policy formulation, [3] decision making, [4] implementation, and [5] evaluation. It notes that each stage involves political conflicts between groups and institutions as problems are defined, solutions are considered, decisions are made, policies are executed, and impacts are assessed. Critics argue that the idealized linear policy cycle model does not accurately capture the complex realities of the policy process in practice, as stages are not always sequential and political pressures often influence outcomes more than rational problem-solving.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    31 views18 pages

    2 Discussing Policy Process

    Uploaded by

    Samsul Ode
    This document discusses the public policy cycle which includes 5 stages: [1] agenda setting, [2] policy formulation, [3] decision making, [4] implementation, and [5] evaluation. It notes that each stage involves political conflicts between groups and institutions as problems are defined, solutions are considered, decisions are made, policies are executed, and impacts are assessed. Critics argue that the idealized linear policy cycle model does not accurately capture the complex realities of the policy process in practice, as stages are not always sequential and political pressures often influence outcomes more than rational problem-solving.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    of 18

    Public Policy

    11 Feb 2010
    LAILA K ALFIRDAUS, S. IP, MPP
    Policy cycle
    • agenda-setting,
    • Policy formulation,
    • decision making,
    • implementation,
    • and evaluation
    A. Agenda setting
    • Problem recognition and issue selection
    • problems and alternative solutions gain or
    lose public and elite attention
    • Implikasi politik: Group competition
    Agenda setting
    • The ability of groups—acting singly or, more
    often, in coalition with other groups—to
    influence policy is not simply a function of
    who makes the most persuasive argument,
    either from a rhetorical or empirical
    perspective.
    Agenda setting

    Group competition  Political conflict

    Keyword: power (soft and hard)


    B. Policy formulation
    • problems, proposals, and demands are
    transformed into government programs.
    • the defi nition of objectives
    • the consideration of different action
    alternatives
    Policy formulation
    • War within government institution
    • Legislature and executive conflict
    C. Decision making
    • Whether to decide based on rational thinking
    or democratic demands
    • To be rational OR to be incremental?
    D. Implementation
    • Action to do or not to do of what has been
    formulated and decided.
    Imple entation
    • its execution delayed or even blocked
    altogether
     tidak ada yang bisa menjamin bahwa yang
    diterapkan di lapangan sesuai dengan apa
    yang diputuskan.
    E. Evaluation
    • Comparing intended objectives and impacts
    • Findings in evaluation can lead to policy
    termination
    Evaluation
    • Government feels satisfied if they have been
    in the stage of policy implementation
    • Hate to be evaluated
    Diskusi (1)
    Teori policy cycle:
    • conventional
    • like a problem-solving model
    • Normative
    • ideal-type of rational planning and decision-
    making
    Diskusi (2)
    Implication:
    • any decision- making should be based on a
    comprehensive analysis of problems and
    goals
    • including collection and analysis of
    information
    • a search for the best alternative to achieve
    these goals
    Diskusi (3)
    Instrument dan pengukuran
    • Cost and benefit
    • Cost effectiveness
    • Evidence based policy
    Critics
    1. Tahap2 policy cycle tidak menggambarkan
    realita di lapangan
    2. Asumsi bahwa tahap2 policy cycle berurutan
    sering tidak terjadi di lapangan.
    3. Policy cycle terlalu menyederhanakan proses
    sebuah pengambilan keputusan terjadi
    Temuan empiris
    1. Problem identification dan agenda setting
    tidak diinisiasi oleh input masyarakat
    2. Evaluation sering terlewat
    3. Monitoring tidak diterapkan
    4. Tekanan politik jauh mempengaruhi
    pengambilan keputusan, menggeseer tujuan
    kebijakan semula.
    • Policies determines politics!!!

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