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PSY10 Powerpoint
PSY10 Powerpoint
PSY 10
(General Psychology)
By: Prof. Ryan M. Leonardo
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 9 INTELLIGENCE
CHAPTER 10 PERSONALITY
BEHAVIOR DISORDERS
CHAPTER
1 NATURE OF
PSYCHOLOGY and
BIOLOGICAL FACTOR IN
BEHAVIOR
What is PSYCHOLOGY?
• Wilhelm Wundt
• stressed analysis of immediate experience into basic
elements
• study of what made up consciousness
• INTROSPECTION – verbalize expression; examination of
one’s thoughts
2. Functionalism
• William James
• stressed the purpose or
function of behavior and
consciousness
• What do individuals do?
Why do they do it? What
is consciousness for?
3. Psychoanalysis
• Sigmund Freud
• emphasizes unconscious
motives and conflicts
• What is the influence of
anxiety and conflicting
unconscious forces on the
individual’s adjustments to
his environment?
• John B. Watson
• emphasizes the study
of objectively
observable behavior
and the role of
environment as a
determinant of human
and animal life
• S – R Formula
5. Gestalt
1. General Psychology
Explains the underlying principles of
human and animal behavior
2. Comparative Psychology
Investigates the behavioral
differences among different
organisms and species
3. Developmental / Genetic Psychology
Focuses on the various stages of life
4. Child Psychology
from 0 – 12 years old
Post natal to early
adolescents
5. Adolescent
Psychology
from 12 – 20 years old
Puberty to later life
6. Senescent Psychology
20 and above
7. Consumer Psychology
concerned with the market behavior of
consumer
8. Abnormal Psychology
study of the symptoms and etiologies of
various kinds of disorders
1. Clinical Psychology
A professional specialty concerned
with diagnosing and treating diseases
of the brain, emotional disturbance,
and behavior problems
2. Educational Psychology
Improve learning
3. Counseling Psychology
Problems of adjustment to challenges
4. Experimental Psychology
Pure research
5. Physiological Psychology
Explores the relationship between
fundamental, biological processes and
behavior
6. Industrial – Organizational Psychology
Applies psychological knowledge to
the problems of business and industry
CHAPTER
2 BEHAVIOR
AS THE RESULT OF THE
INTERACTION OF HEREDITY,
MATURATION AND THE
ENVIRONMENT
HEREDITY
Behavior
any observable, recordable and measurable
movement, response verbal or non-verbal
act demonstrated by an individual.
3 Mechanisms of Behavior
I. Spinal Cord
• is a large rope-like segment of
nerve tissue extending down
the vertebral column.
• it govern certain types of reflex
movements, it processes
sensory impulses and send
impulses to the effectors
without the assistance of the
brain.
REFLEXES
1. Reticular Activating
System (RAS)
important in activating
the cortex of the
cerebral hemispheres,
has a significant role in
consciousness, attention
and sleep
it controls the state of
arousal awareness.
2. Limbic System
is important in organizing activities needed
to satisfy our basic motivations and
emotional needs
the limbic system is important to emotion,
motivation and learning, in particular it
compromises three interconnected cerebral
structures:
a. hippocampus - plays an essential
role in the formation of memories
b. amygdale - plays a role in anger and
aggression
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM
1. Sympathetic
nervous system
is responsible for the 2.Parasympathetic
mobilization and nervous system
expenditure of the subdivision of the
body energies, autonomic nervous
particularly to system that operates
stressful, emergency during relaxed state
and threatening and conserves
situations. It energy. It calms body
mobilizes bodily after emergency
nervousness and situation.
increases the output becomes active
of energy causing when the body is
emotion and makes conserving energy
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
a system of ductless
glands that regulates
bodily functions via
hormones secreted into
the bloodstream.
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
1. PITUITARY
2. THYROID
3. ADRENAL
4. PANCREAS
5. PARATHYROID
6. GONADS
Body Temperature Symptoms:
(36.7°C-37.7°C) polydypsia -
Hypothermia - low excessive or abnormal
body temperature thirst.
Hyperthermia - high polyfagia - excessive
body temperature
Blood Sugar (80-120dL) eating;polyuria
gluttony
-
Hypoglycemia - low excessive passage of
blood sugar; no urine, as in diabetes.
energy. Also called hydruria.
Hyperglycemia - high
blood sugar, Diabetes Blood pressure
Mellitus (120/80)
Hypotension - low blood
HORMONES
- sense of taste or
savory sensation
5 different qualities
of taste:
• Salty
• Sweet
• Sour
• Bitter
• Umami
We enjoy the flavor of food largely because of our sense
of taste. Without this sense, all kinds of food would simply
taste flat. We would merely eat to survive. Delicious foods
would no longer have any appeal to us.
NOSE
involves reception
of information not
gained through the
recognized senses
and not inferred
from experience
(Rudolf Tischner
adopted by Duke
University J.B.
Rhine)
STRATEGIES THAT THE
VISUAL SYSTEM USES
TO GROUP SENSORY
BUILDING BLOCKS
INTO PERCEPTUAL
UNITS
I. PROXIMITY
lines and
patterns tend
to be perceived
as continuing
in time or
space
PARASYCHOLOGY
1. ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING
2 MAJOR FORMS OF
ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING
A.Classical Conditioning
4 CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
TERMS
a. US – Unconditioned
Stimulus
b.UR – Unconditioned
Response
EXAMPLE OF CLASSICAL
CONDITIONING
B. OPERANT / CONDITIONING / INSTRUMENTAL
TYPE OF LEARNING / REINFORCEMENT
THEORY
2. Cognitive Learning
is more complex form of learning which
involves interpreting present perception in the
light of past information to get over unfamiliar
problems
learning is directed toward goals and signs
point the way to the goals
learners develop expectancies
3. Observational Learning – “copy cat
syndrome”
4. Insightful Learning – “Aha!”
VARIABLES THAT LEAD TOVARIABLES AFFECTING THE
EFFICIENT LEARNING TRANSFER OF LEARNING
1. Feedback 1. Retention
2. Meaningfulness of 2. Recall
materials 3. Recognition - a flash of
knowing that we have
3. Distribution of
seen someone on
practices
something or learned
4. Whole and part
something before
learning
4. Relearning - something
5. Imagery and previously learned is
learning learned again
FORGETTING
refers to the temporary or long term loss of
materials that has been learned
THEORIES OF FORGETTING
1. Decay of memory traces
2. Distortion of memory traces
3. Interference or inhibition
a. Retroactive interference - occurs
when new information interferes with
memory for previously learned
b.Proactive interference - occurs when
previously learned materials interfere with
memory for new information
4. Motivated forgetting
CHAPTER 6
CRITICAL THINKING,
PROBLEM-SOLVING
AND CREATIVITY
WHAT IS THINKING?
involves attachment
Relationship
Attitude
Experience
(unrequited love) –
one way flow of love
6 STYLES OF LOVE
1. Intimacy - emotional
component that
involves closeness
and sharing
2. Passion -
motivational
component that
captures sexual
attraction and the
romantic
3. Commitment -
• Infatuated – inspired with foolish and
unreasoning passion
• Liking – has more to do with having a
favorable opinion of another person
• Fatuous – stubbornly blind or foolish ;
idiotic, baseless; illusory
• Compassionate – feeling of compassion
or pity; merciful or sympathetic
• Romantic - sees to it that couples bond
together, reproduce, look after each other
and stay together in spite of having the
flu, mortgages and house works
FEAR
F – False
• is an unlearned response that
is aroused in threatening E – Evidence
situations A - Appearing
• a vital response to physical R - Real
and emotional danger—if we
couldn't feel it, we couldn't
protect ourselves from
legitimate threats. But often
we fear situations that are in
no way life-or-death, and thus
hang back for no good
reason. Traumas or bad
experiences can trigger a fear
PHOBIA
• is an unrealistic fear of a
specific situation, activity or
thing
• the word "phobia" is a term
that refers to a group of
symptoms brought on by
feared objects or situations.
• a phobia is a persistent,
irrational fear that causes a
person to feel intense anxiety.
PHOBIAS
• Aerophobia - fear of heights
• Claustrophobia – fear of closed spaces
• Mysophobia – fear of dirt and germs
• Zoophobia – fear of such animals as snakes
dogs, insects and mice
• Porphyrophobia – fear of purple
• Triskaidekaphobia – fear of the no. 13
• Brontophobia – fear of thunder
• Agoraphobia – the underlying fear is of being
away from a safe place (usually a home) or a
safe person(usually a parent or a spouse)
• Hippopotomonstrosesquipedialophobia – fear
of long words
• Clinophobia – fear of beds
• Hypnophobia – morbid fear of sleep and falling
asleep
CHAPTER 8
INTELLIGENCE
INTELLIGENCE
1. Achievement Test
tests if you have learned something
2. Aptitude Test
test to determine and measure a
person’s ability to acquire, through
future training, some specific set of
skills
what career fits you
INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT
(IQ)
1.Morons – IQ of
50 to 70
2.Imbeciles – IQ of
20 to 50
3.Idiots – IQ below
Multiple Intelligence (Howard Gardner)
1. Verbal - Linguistic
people who are good in
communication, loves to
read
authors, journalists,
novelists, lecturers and
lyricists
2. Logical - Mathematical
abstract thinkers,
attracted to logic and
reasoning, good at
investigation and
scientific processes.
3. Visual – Spatial
artistic people,
good at
remembering
images, loves to
draw, paint and
read maps
4. Bodily – Kinesthetic architects, marine
loves movement, navigators,
enjoy sports and/or engineer,
photographer, artist
dance, they like to stay
active. They have good
motor skills and are
very aware of their
5. Musical – Rhythmic
loves music, has the
ability to compose,
sing or play
instruments, able to
recognize sounds,
tones and rhythms,
they have a “good
ear” for music
6. Intrapersonal
composer, singer,
ability to understand musician
one-self
psychologist, theologian
7. Interpersonal
ability to understand
other people good in
social interactions,
working with others
and have many
8. Naturalist friends.
politician, diplomat,
people with this teachers
intelligence have a
sensitivity to and
appreciation for nature.
Has the ability to care for
and interact with
animals.
9. Existential
ability to be sensitive
to, or have the capacity
for, conceptualizing or
tackling deeper or
larger questions about
human existence, such
as the meaning of life,
why are we born, why
do we die, what is
consciousness, or how
did we get here.
CHAPTER 9
PERSONALITY
PERSONALITY
1. Artison
2. Sage (Communicator)
3. Server
4. Priest / Priestess
5. Warrior
6. King / Queen
7. Scholar
THEORIES OF PERSONALITY
I. BODY TYPES
1. Endomorphic (viscerotonic) – seek comfort,
friendly, always craving for food
2. Mesomorphic (somatotonic) – athletic, very
energetic, self-assertive
3. Ectomorphic (cerebratonic) – long, thin,
poorly develop
III. BODY CHEMISTRY,
ENDOCRINE,
II. BODY BUILD AND BALANCE AND
STRENGTH TEMPERAMENT
1. Asthenic – frail, 1. Sanguine – pleasant,
feeble, weak warm-hearted, optimistic
2. Pyknic – opposite of 2. Phlegmatic – indolent,
asthenic, “human slow, unexcitable but
ball” cautious
3. Athletic – strong, 3. Melancholic – opposite
good body built, wiry of sanguine, gloomy,
4. Dysplastic depressing, pessimistic
4. Choleric – serious
V. PSYCHOLOGICAL
TYPE
IV. PSYCHOANALYSIS
• Introvert – shy,
THEORY
not sociable, enjoy
1. Id – pleasure being alone
2. Ego – reality • Extrovert –
principle outgoing, very
friendly, very
3. Superego –
sociable
morality principle
• Ambivert - both
VI. BIRTH ORDER
1.First born – independent, responsible,
achiever, consencious
2.Middle born – diplomatic, skillful in
interpersonal relationship,
peacekeeper
3.Later born – dependent, charming,
often spoiled
Alfred
Adler
a. GENDER IDENTITY
homosexuality - romantic and/or sexual attraction
or behavior among members of the
same sex or gender
transvestism - cross-dressers
transexualism
b. SEXUAL AIMS – sex change
sadism - the derivation of pleasure as a result of
inflicting pain or watching pain inflicted on
masochism - pleasure in receiving the pain
sadomasochism - pleasure in the infliction of pain or
c. SEXUAL DESIRES
humiliation upon another person
Lack of orgasm
Premature ejaculation – a condition in which a
man ejaculates earlier than he or his partner
would like him to
PARAPHILIAS – unusual bizzare, imagery or
act that are necessary for sexual arousal
exhibitionism – exposure of private
parts of his or her body to another person in
a situation when they would not normally be
exposed
voyeurism - sexual interest in or practice
of spying on people engaged in intimate
behaviors, such as undressing, sexual
activity, or other activity usually considered
to be of a private nature
frotteurism – touching, rubbing
1. What have you learned in
PSY10?
2. How did PSY10 help you
understand yourself and
others?
3. What important lessons in
PSY10 will you not forget
and why?
PSY10
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING
GOD BLESS