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Project Presentation
Project Presentation
Project Presentation
CONTENTS
• Comparison between vehicular loads of different standards.
COMPARISON BETWEEN VEHICULAR LOADS OF DIFFERENT
STANDARDS
The vehicular live loading of bridges as per ASSHTO LRFD, designated as HL-93, is a combination of
• Design truck or design Tandem
Unfactored bending
SLS (kNm) ULS (kNm)
Span (m) moment (kNm)
IRC LRFD IRC LRFD IRC LRFD
7 104.43 116.24 104.43 116.24 156.65 203.42
8 161.61 141.00 161.61 141.00 242.41 246.76
9 186.55 160.83 186.55 160.83 279.82 281.45
10 211.02 183.3 211.02 183.3 316.53 320.78
11 243.83 204.25 243.83 204.25 365.75 357.43
12 271.43 227.56 271.43 227.56 407.15 398.23
Shear force comparison
RBM RSF
Span
UF SLS ULS UF SLS ULS
7 1.11 1.11 1.3 1.01 1.01 1.18
8 0.87 0.87 1.01 1.06 1.06 1.24
9 0.86 0.86 1.00 1.1 1.1 1.28
10 0.87 0.87 1.01 1.14 1.14 1.34
11 0.83 0.83 0.98 1.19 1.19 1.38
12 0.84 0.84 0.98 1.20 1.20 1.40
COMPARISON BETWEEN IRC 6-2014 AND BRITISH STANDARD BD 37-02
Unfactored Bending
SLS (kNm) ULS (kNm)
Moment (kNm)
Span (m)
IRC British IRC British IRC British
Standard Standard Standard
7 104.43 267.74 104.43 294.51 156.65 348.06
8 161.61 306.35 161.61 336.98 242.41 398.25
9 186.55 343.98 186.55 378.37 279.82 447.17
10 211.02 385.7 211.02 424.27 316.53 501.41
11 243.83 456.97 243.83 502.66 365.75 594.06
12 271.43 484.5 271.43 532.95 407.15 629.85
The bending moment as per IRC 6-2014 and British standard (BD 37/01) vehicular
loading.
Unfactored shear
SLS (kN) ULS (kN)
force(kN)
Span (m)
British British British
IRC IRC IRC
Standard Standard Standard
7 111.06 162.14 111.06 178.35 166.59 210.78
8 110.84 164.35 110.84 180.79 166.26 213.66
9 111.60 169.21 111.60 186.13 167.39 219.97
10 111.21 184.73 111.21 203.20 166.82 240.14
11 110.94 197.10 110.94 216.81 166.40 256.23
12 112.24 206.00 112.24 226.60 168.35 267.80
Shear force generated by the application of vehicular load as per IRC 6-2014
and British Standard BD 37/02.
RBM RSF
Span (m)
UF SLS ULS UF SLS ULS
7 2.56 2.82 2.22 1.46 1.60 1.26
8 1.89 2.08 1.64 1.48 1.63 1.28
9 1.84 2.03 1.60 1.51 1.67 1.31
10 1.83 2.01 1.58 1.66 1.83 1.44
11 1.87 2.06 1.62 1.77 1.95 1.54
12 1.78 1.96 1.55 1.83 2.02 1.59
The ratio of the bending moment and shear force as generated by the vehicular loading
of British Standards with respect to that generated by the IRC.
COMPARISON BETWEEN IRC 6-2014 AND EURO CODE
Bending moment valves for different spans of bridge deck as per IRC 6 -2014
and Euro code
Unfactored shear force Shear force at SLS Shear force at ULS
(kN) (kN) (kN)
Span (m)
IRC Euro code IRC Euro code IRC Euro code
Ratio of the bending moment and shear force generated by the vehicular loading
as per Euro code respect to that generated as per IRC.
Finite Element Model
Comparison between different standards
AASHTO LRFD and Indian standard
Bending moment
Unfactored bending
SLS (kNm) ULS (kNm)
Span (m) moment (kNm)
IRC LRFD IRC LRFD IRC LRFD
7 78.38 114.1 78.38 114.1 117.58 199.67
8 149.33 127.1 149.33 127.1 224.00 222.42
9 185.25 159.43 185.25 159.43 277.87 279.00
10 209.48 175.9 209.48 175.9 314.22 307.82
11 243.30 193.49 243.30 193.49 364.95 338.60
12 253.37 214.07 253.37 214.07 380.06 374.62
Shear force comparison
RBM RSF
Span
UF SLS ULS UF SLS ULS
7 1.45 1.45 1.69 2.68 2.68 3.13
8 0.85 0.85 0.99 0.87 0.87 1.01
9 0.86 0.86 1.00 0.86 0.86 1.00
10 0.84 0.84 0.98 0.87 0.87 1.023
11 0.79 0.79 0.92 0.88 0.88 1.03
12 0.84 0.84 0.98 0.89 0.89 1.04
COMPARISON BETWEEN IRC 6-2014 AND BRITISH STANDARD BD 37-02
Unfactored Bending
SLS (kNm) ULS (kNm)
Moment (kNm)
Span (m)
IRC British IRC British IRC British
Standard Standard Standard
7 78.38 240.56 78.38 264.61 117.58 324.75
8 149.33 290.49 149.33 319.54 224.00 392.16
9 185.25 333.80 185.25 367.18 277.87 450.63
10 209.48 383.88 209.48 422.27 314.22 518.24
11 243.30 455.37 243.30 500.90 364.95 614.75
12 253.37 464.31 253.37 510.74 380.06 626.82
The bending moment as per IRC 6-2014 and British standard (BD 37/01) vehicular
loading.
Unfactored shear
SLS (kN) ULS (kN)
force(kN)
Span (m)
British British British
IRC IRC IRC
Standard Standard Standard
7 41.62 135.82 41.62 149.402 62.43 149.402
8 75.08 137.2 75.08 150.92 112.62 150.92
9 76.57 138.72 76.57 152.592 114.85 152.592
10 82.57 150.5 82.57 165.55 123.86 165.55
11 85.00 156.6 85.00 172.26 127.50 172.26
12 86.51 163.883 86.51 180.2713 129.76 180.2713
Shear force generated by the application of vehicular load as per IRC 6-2014
and British Standard BD 37/02.
RBM RSF
Span (m)
UF SLS ULS UF SLS ULS
7 3.068894 3.375784 2.66 3.262883 3.589171 2.827832
8 1.945228 2.139751 1.68 1.827297 2.010027 1.583658
9 1.801895 1.982084 1.56 1.811676 1.992843 1.570119
10 1.832499 2.015749 1.59 1.822551 2.004806 1.579544
11 1.871608 2.058769 1.62 1.842334 2.026567 1.596689
12 1.832501 2.015751 1.59 1.894327 2.08376 1.64175
The ratio of the bending moment and shear force as generated by the vehicular loading
of British Standards with respect to that generated by the IRC.
COMPARISON BETWEEN IRC 6-2014 AND EURO CODE
Bending moment valves for different spans of bridge deck as per IRC 6 -2014
and Euro code
Unfactored shear force Shear force at SLS Shear force at ULS
(kN) (kN) (kN)
Span (m)
IRC Euro code IRC Euro code IRC Euro code
Ratio of the bending moment and shear force generated by the vehicular loading
as per Euro code respect to that generated as per IRC.
• % Variation of grillage analysis and finite element method
AASHTO British
Span Euro code IRC 6
LRFD Standards
7 1.84 10.15 5.63 24.94
8 9.86 5.17 11.68 7.59
9 0.87 2.96 14.19 0.69
10 4.03 0.472 16.13 0.73
11 5.26 0.35 19.67 0.22
12 5.9 4.16 19.91 6.65
Average %
4.63 3.88 14.54 6.80
variation
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
• The results obtained by AASHTO LRFD was found to be lower than that of IRC 6-2014.The ratio
RBM was found to vary between .64 and .68 for unfactored and serviceability case and between .75
and .82 for ultimate limit state. The ratio RSF for the unfactored shear force and serviceability limit
state was found to vary between 1.8 and 1.95 and between 2.1 and 2.27 for the ultimate limit state.
• The vehicles defined under Euro code was found to produce 10 % nearly the same effect as produced
by the vehicles defined under IRC 6-2014 for factored bending moment. The ratio of RBM was found
to vary between 1.17 and 1.27 for unfactored bending moment, between .93 and 1 for serviceability
limit state and between 1.05 and 1.14 for the ultimate limit state. The ratio RSF was found to vary
between 1.29 and 1.38 for the unfactored case, between 1.03 and 1.11 for serviceability case and
between 1.16 and 1.24 for the ultimate limit state case.
• The vehicular effect as per the British standard was found to produce higher effect than that of the
vehicles defined under IRC 6-2014. The ratio RBM was found to vary between 1.23 and 1.4 for
unfactored case, between 1.35 and 1.54 for serviceability limit state and between and between 1.06
and 1.21 for ultimate limit state case. The ration RSF was found to vary between 1.33 and 1.51 for
unfactored shear force, between 1.47 and 1.67 for serviceability limit state and between 1.16 and 1.31
for ultimate limit state
CONCLUSION
• Despite being heavily loaded, the vehicular loading defined under Euro code was found to produce an
effect within 10% variation compared to the vehicles defined under the Indian Road Congress. Even
though the vehicles defined under the ASSHTO was found to have higher total axle load, the vehicles
defined in the Indian road congress was found to produce more effect compared to that of the
ASSHTO LRFD standard. Despite being heavily loaded ,the vehicular loading as per British Standard
was found to produce an almost equal effect as that of the vehicles defined in Euro code at unfactored
case.
• The vehicles defined under British Standards was found to produce more effect compared to other
standards.