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Naval Weapons Systems: Energy Fundamentals
Naval Weapons Systems: Energy Fundamentals
Energy Fundamentals
Energy Fundamentals
RAdio Detection And Ranging
Radar is an electromagnetic wave that acts like any
other electromagnetic wave (i.e. - radio, light, etc.)
Characteristics of a radio wave assuming a
frequency of 2 Hertz:
Cycle
Amplitude
1 second
Traveling Wave
Characteristics
Frequency
Period
Wavelength
Velocity
Amplitude
...examples....
Maxwell’s Theory
Mag field
e- e- e-
Reflection
Refraction
Diffraction
...Reflection...
Phase shift = 180 degrees.
Angle of incidence = Angle of reflected
wave.
Reflected Wave
Incident Wave
...Refraction...
Medium 1
Medium 2
θ2
...Diffraction...
island
not
detected
Wave Propagation –
Distance and Frequency
Ground Waves
Sky Waves
Space Waves
Ground Wave...
Antenna Height
Target Height
Ducting
Losses
– Spreading
– Absorption
– Constructive Interference
– Destructive Interference
Communication Systems
Basic Comms Path
Transmitter
Air
Water
Wire
Co-axial
Fiber Optics
Beer
Transmit/Receive Capability