Presented

Justin Johnson
 INTRODUCTION
 Transmits the loads from the superstructure to the substructure

 Bearing stresses in the substructure is within the permissible

limit

 Should accommodate some relative movements between the

superstructure and substructure.

 Longitudinal movement due to temperature variation

 Rotation due to deflection of girders

 Vertical movement due to sinking of supports

 Movements due to shrinkage and creep

 TYPES
 The bearings can be divided into fixed bearing and expansion
bearing

 Fixed bearing – Allow rotation but restrict translation.

 Expansion bearing – Allow rotation and longitudinal translation

 A simply supported span requires fixed at one end and expansion

at the other end.

 For 2 span bridge the fixed bearing is at the edges and

expansion bearing at the abutments.
 Bearing for slab bridges

 For slab span bridges no special bearings are provided

 A thick layer of craft paper is inserted in between the slab and

substructure

 To take care of the rotating movement , each bearing area should

be bevelled or rounded at the edge.

 Bearing for slab bridge.pdf

 Bearings for girder bridges
 Provided with fixed and expansion joints

 Expansion bearing to be aligned properly with the prevailing

temperature
 For skew angle less than 20 degrees, metallic bearing is to be
used.
 For skew more than 20 and span less than 10m , sliding provision
is to be provided.
 For curves and skew bridges , bearing should allow translation
and rotation in all directions
Expansion bearings used for girders bridges

 Sliding plate bearing

 Sliding cum rocker bearing

 Steel roller cum rocker bearing

 R.C. Rocker expansion bearing

 Elastomeric bearing

Fixed bearing

 Rocker bearing

 Steel hinge

 Steel roller bearing

 R.C. Rocker fixed bearing

 Expansion Bearings

Sliding plate bearing

 Simplest form of expansion bearing

 Span upto 15m

 Earlier bearing contact with the flat plates caused the freezing of
the bearing and movement of the superstructure more than the
normal during hot weather.

 Teflon coatings are used when bearings are kept over flat plates

 PLate bearing.pdf
 Sliding cum rocker bearing

 It is mainly used in modern curved bridges where the translation

and rotation in all directions are required.

 Consists of a sliding part , a tilting part , a pressure pad and a

base plate.

 The pressure pad facilitates point contacts and permits rotation

in any direction.

 The telfon coating ensures least friction .

 Sliding cum roller.pdf

 Steel Roller cum rocker bearing

 Allows longitudinal movement by rolling and allows rotational

movement.

 For span above 20m, cast steel roller bearings have been in use.

 Bearings may be a single roller, two roller or a nest of rollers.

 When nest rollers are used cylindrical rollers are most prefered

 They are also found difficult to clean and often get misaligned
and suffer damage due to temperature change

 A single diameter is found to be function more efficiently than

the more nested rollers.

 Roller rocket bearing.pdf

 Reinforced concrete rocker bearing

 Cheaper compared to steel roller bearing

 Often referred as RC roller bearings.

 When properly designed these are cost effective

 Maintenance cost is less compared to the steel bearings.

 Consist of good quality concrete and adequately reinforced .

 RC Rocker bearing.pdf
 Elastomeric bearing
 Expensive metallic bearing bearings paved way for the
elastomeric bearing.
 Accommodates both translation and rotation by the deformation
of the elastomer .
 Easy to install and practically no maintenance cost.

 Doesn't freeze , corrode or deteriote.

 Probable cause of failure of the bearing.

 Inferior materials

 Incorrect design

 Improper installation
 Forgiving in nature – Tolerate loads and movements exceeding
the design valves.

 The height of the bearing is lesser which allows in the reduction

in the cost of approaches.

 Easy removable and replacability.

 Poly-chloropropene popularly known as neoprene is mainly used

as the elastomer.

 The moderate resistance of the neoprene is enhanced by the

application of the chemicals.
 Hardness of the elastomer – 55 to 65 as on IRHS( international
rubber hardness scale)

 Ultimate tensile strength - 400 percent( min)

 There are mainly two types of elastomer

 Unconfined pad bearing

 Confined pad bearing

 Present trend is to use reinforced moulded pad bearing as per

IRC 83 part 2
 Moulded pad Elastomeric bearing

 Consist of one or more inter layers of elastomer bonded to

internal steel laminates of rectangular shape.

 Internal layers are of equal thickness of elastomeric cover at the

bottom and top and the both the sides.

Elastomeric pad bearing.pdf

 Problem statement

 Dead load reaction on the bearing = 240 kN

 Live load reaction = 400 kN

 Longitudinal force = 25 kN

 Horizontal force due t temp creep strain = 10mm

 ‘E’ of elastomer = 4 N/mm2

 ‘G’ of elastomer = 1 N/mm2

 k =.6

 Elongation at break = 400 %

 Check for the shape factor

 Pmax – total load = 240kN+400kN = 640 kN

 Pmin – dead load = 240 kN

 Assume a pad dimension of 250mm (along the span ) and

400mm (across the girder) and 50 mm thick.

 Considering hs =3mm and 4 Nos

hi =10mm and 3 Nos

he =4mm and 2Nos Assume 6mm overall

 Loaded area of the pad=(250-12)*(400-12)=92344 mm2.

 Shape factor = 92344/(2*10*626) = 7.18 ,

which is in between 6 and 12.

 Actual constant pressure under full load = (640*1000)/92344 =

= 7.03N/mm2 < 10N/mm2

 Minimum contact pressure = (240*1000)/92344

=2.6N/mm2

Check for strain

 Elastomer thickness available for transmission = 3*10 = 30mm

 Horizontal movement due to creep , shrinkage = 5*10-4*20*103=10mm

 Shear strain per bearing = (5*10-4*20*103)/(3*(50-12)) = .0877

 Shear strain due to longitudinal forces = (25*103)/(92344)= .27

 Shear strain due to translation = .27+.0877= .3584

Check for rotation

 Shape Factor = 7.18

Assuming Ϭm max = 10 Mpa and β = 7/10 = .718 ; n = 3

 Therefore permissible rotation = β*n* Ϭm max = .7*3*.004

= .008616 radians
 Rotation of the bearing due to temperature is taken as .00589
and it can be inferred that the permissible rotation is higher than
the rotation due to the loading.
 Check for total Shear stress
 Shear strain = .3584

 Permissible friction = .2+(.1*Ϭm) = .2+(.1*7)=.9

 Total shear stress due to normal loading = 1.5*Ϭm/S = 1.5*7/7.18 = 1.51

N/mm2
 Shear due to longitudinal force and movement = shear strain* shear
modulus = .3584*1 = .3584 N/mm2
 Shear due to rotation = .5*(b/hi)2αbi= .5*(238/10)2*5.76*10-3

= 1.632 N/mm2
The total shear stress = 1.5+.3584+1.632 N/mm2
= 3.612 N/mm2