3G TECHNOLOGY

• 3G is one of the most

recent transmission
technologies.
• To completely
understand the modern
technology, we have to know
what is 3G standards and 3G
spectrum.
3G TECHNOLOGY 1
 CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Features
 Applications
 Technology history
 Concepts involved in 3G:
 Simplex vs. Duplex
 TDD vs. FDD
 Symmetric vs. Asymmetric Transmission
 TDMA vs. CDMA
 Circuit Switching vs. Packet Switching
 How 3G network works?
 Communication in 3G Networks
 High Speed in 3G
 Conclusion

CONTENTS 2
 INTRODUCTION
The mobile communications industry has evolved in three
stages , and correspondingly three generations of mobile
phones have emerged thus far.
Each one has provided more flexibility and usability than
the previous ones.
 (1G) Analog
 (2G) Digital mobile phone

 (3G) Multimedia services

INTRODUCTION 3
 FEATURES
1. With 3G, the information is split into
separate but related packets before being
transmitted and reassembled at the
receiving end.
2.The World Wide Web(www) is
becoming the primary communications
interface.
3.Speeds up to 2 Megabits per
second (Mbps) are achievable with 3G.

FEATURES 4
 APPLICATIONS

APPLICATIONS 5
 TECHNOLOGY HISTORY

TECHNOLOGY HISTORY 6
 CONCEPTS INVOLVED IN 3G:
• Simplex vs. Duplex
• TDD vs. FDD
• Symmetric vs. Asymmetric transmission
• TDMA vs. CDMA
• Circuit Switching vs. Packet Switching

CONCEPTS INVOLVED IN 3G 7
 SIMPLEX vs. DUPLEX
SIMPLEX

 In this, only one person can communicate at a time. Walkie-Talkie

uses simplex form of communication.
 Using a Walkie-Talkie we have to push a button to talk one-way..

CONCEPTS-SIMPLEX vs. DUPLEX 8

 SIMPLEX vs. DUPLEX
DUPLEX

 Allows simultaneous two-way communication.

 Channel from base station to device is known as downlink and
channel to device is known as uplink.

CONCEPTS-SIMPLEX vs. DUPLEX 9

 FDD vs. TDD
FDD

• In FDD, there are two separate frequency bands : one band for the
uplink and one band for the downlink.
• The two bands are separated by a “guard band” which provides
isolation of two bands.

CONCEPTS-FDD vs. TDD 10

 FDD vs. TDD
TDD
• In this, the uplink and the
downlink frequency operate on the same
frequency, but they are switched very
rapidly one moment the channel is sending
the uplink signal, the next moment the channel
is sending the downlink signal.
• TDD requires a “guard time” instead
of a guard band between transmit
and receive streams.

CONCEPTS-FDD vs. TDD 11

 SYMMETRIC TRANSMISSION
vs.
ASYMMETRIC TRANSMISSION
• Data Transmission is Symmetric if the
data in the downlink and the data in the
uplink is transmitted at the same data
rate. Ex-voice transmission.

•In Asymmetric Transmission, data in

the downlink and data in the uplink are
transmitted at different data rates. Ex-
internet..

CONCEPTS-SYMMETRIC TRANSMISSION vs. ASYMMETRIC TRANSMISSION 12

 TDMA vs. CDMA
TDMA
TDMA is Time Division Multiple Access. It works by dividing a single
radio frequency into many small time slots. Each caller is assigned a
specific time slot for transmission.

CDMA
CDMA is Code Division Multiple Access. CDMA works by giving each user
a unique code. The receiver has knowledge of the sender’s unique code, and
is therefore able to extract the correct signal no matter what the frequency.

CONCEPTS—TDMA vs. CDMA 13

 CIRCUIT SWITCHING
vs.
PACKET SWITCHING
CIRCUIT SWITCHING
Traditional connections for voice connections require a physical path
connecting the users at the two ends of the line, and that path stays
open until the conversation ends. This kind of connection is called
circuit switching.

CONCEPTS-CIRCUIT SWITCHING vs. PACKET SWITCHING-CIRCUIT SWITCHING 14

 CIRCUIT SWITCHING
vs.
PACKET SWITCHING
PACKET SWITCHING
Packet Data:
• chopped into pieces(packets).
• given a destination address.
• mixed from other data from other sources.
• transmitted over a line with all the other data.
• reconstituted at the other end.

CONCEPTS-CIRCUIT SWITCHING vs. PACKET SWITCHING-PACKET SWITCHING 15

 HOW 3G WORKS..?

HOW 3G WORKS..? 16
 HOW 3G WORKS..?

• TDD mode does not allow long range transmissions.

• For this reason, TDD mode can only be used in
environments where the propagation delay is small.
• TDD mode is highly efficient for transmission of
internet data in Pico cells.
HOW 3G WORKS..?
17
 COMMUNICATION IN 3G
NETWORKS
IN PREVIOUS TECHNOLOGIES:
• In GSM technology, instead of setting up a dedicated circuit, a small
portion of the airwaves are reserved for our call.
• This is a bad way of dividing up the available airwaves because the
spaces and pauses in speech may get the same priority as the words.

IN GSM TECHNOLOGY:
• 3G networks change all this. Instead of reserving airspace each
conversation is chopped up into packets , each one of which is labeled
with a code denoting which dialogue it is from.

COMMUNICATION IN 3G NETWORKS 18
 HIGH SPEED IN 3G
• On current GSM networks data chugs around at 9.6
kilobits per second(kbps).
• By contrast the upper limit for 3G networks is 2
megabits per second if you are standing still and 384
kbps for those on the move.
• This radical change means 3G mobile networks can
support lots more subscribers and let them download
data much faster.

HIGH SPEED IN 3G 19
 CONCLUSION
• In 3G networks, using packets of information to carry
voice and data also means that your phone is
effectively always connected to the network.
• Mobile operators will have to stop charging on the
basis of talk time and move to a model based on the
packets you download or a single charge per month
covering anything and everything you do.
• The day of 3G may be dawning but it will be a long
time before the Sun sets on our existing mobile
phones.

CONCLUSION 20